قوم
Arabic[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Root |
---|
ق و م (q-w-m) |
Compare قَامَ (qāma, “to rise”).
Verb[edit]
قَوَّمَ • (qawwama) II, non-past يُقَوِّمُ (yuqawwimu)
- (transitive) to raise
- (transitive) to evaluate
- (transitive) to adjust
Conjugation[edit]
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taqwīm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muqawwim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muqawwam | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qawwamtu |
qawwamta |
قَوَّمَ qawwama |
qawwamtumā |
qawwamā |
qawwamnā |
qawwamtum |
qawwamū | |||
f | qawwamti |
qawwamat |
qawwamatā |
qawwamtunna |
qawwamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuqawwimu |
tuqawwimu |
yuqawwimu |
tuqawwimāni |
yuqawwimāni |
nuqawwimu |
tuqawwimūna |
yuqawwimūna | |||
f | tuqawwimīna |
tuqawwimu |
tuqawwimāni |
tuqawwimna |
yuqawwimna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuqawwima |
tuqawwima |
yuqawwima |
tuqawwimā |
yuqawwimā |
nuqawwima |
tuqawwimū |
yuqawwimū | |||
f | tuqawwimī |
tuqawwima |
tuqawwimā |
tuqawwimna |
yuqawwimna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuqawwim |
tuqawwim |
yuqawwim |
tuqawwimā |
yuqawwimā |
nuqawwim |
tuqawwimū |
yuqawwimū | |||
f | tuqawwimī |
tuqawwim |
tuqawwimā |
tuqawwimna |
yuqawwimna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | قَوِّمْ qawwim |
qawwimā |
qawwimū |
||||||||
f | qawwimī |
qawwimna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | quwwimtu |
quwwimta |
قُوِّمَ quwwima |
quwwimtumā |
quwwimā |
quwwimnā |
quwwimtum |
quwwimū | |||
f | quwwimti |
quwwimat |
quwwimatā |
quwwimtunna |
quwwimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuqawwamu |
tuqawwamu |
yuqawwamu |
tuqawwamāni |
yuqawwamāni |
nuqawwamu |
tuqawwamūna |
yuqawwamūna | |||
f | tuqawwamīna |
tuqawwamu |
tuqawwamāni |
tuqawwamna |
yuqawwamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuqawwama |
tuqawwama |
yuqawwama |
tuqawwamā |
yuqawwamā |
nuqawwama |
tuqawwamū |
yuqawwamū | |||
f | tuqawwamī |
tuqawwama |
tuqawwamā |
tuqawwamna |
yuqawwamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuqawwam |
tuqawwam |
yuqawwam |
tuqawwamā |
yuqawwamā |
nuqawwam |
tuqawwamū |
yuqawwamū | |||
f | tuqawwamī |
tuqawwam |
tuqawwamā |
tuqawwamna |
yuqawwamna |
References[edit]
- Mace, John (2007) “قوم”, in Arabic Verbs, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
قَوْم • (qawm) m
- verbal noun of قَامَ (qāma, “to get up”) (form I)
- standing up, rising, placing upright, remaining, abiding
Declension[edit]
References[edit]
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
Noun[edit]
قَوْم • (qawm) m (plural أَقْوَام (ʔaqwām))
- people, nation, tribe
- some people, someone, a certain
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 28:21:
- فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا خَائِفًا يَتَرَقَّبُ قَالَ رَبِّ نَجِّنِي مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
- faḵaraja minhā ḵāʔifan yataraqqabu qāla rabbi najjinī mina l-qawmi ẓ-ẓālimīna
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (group of) men
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 49:11:
- يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِّن قَوْمٍ عَسَىٰ أَن يَكُونُوا خَيْرًا مِّنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَاءٌ مِّن نِّسَاءٍ عَسَىٰ أَن يَكُنَّ خَيْرًا مِّنْهُنَّ
- yā ʔayyuhā allaḏīna ʔāmanū lā yasḵar qawmun mmin qawmin ʕasā ʔan yakūnū ḵayran mminhum walā nisāʔun mmin nnisāʔin ʕasā ʔan yakunna ḵayran mminhunna
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- family
- sect
Declension[edit]
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قَوْم qawm |
الْقَوْم al-qawm |
قَوْم qawm |
Nominative | قَوْمٌ qawmun |
الْقَوْمُ al-qawmu |
قَوْمُ qawmu |
Accusative | قَوْمًا qawman |
الْقَوْمَ al-qawma |
قَوْمَ qawma |
Genitive | قَوْمٍ qawmin |
الْقَوْمِ al-qawmi |
قَوْمِ qawmi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | قَوْمَيْن qawmayn |
الْقَوْمَيْن al-qawmayn |
قَوْمَيْ qawmay |
Nominative | قَوْمَانِ qawmāni |
الْقَوْمَانِ al-qawmāni |
قَوْمَا qawmā |
Accusative | قَوْمَيْنِ qawmayni |
الْقَوْمَيْنِ al-qawmayni |
قَوْمَيْ qawmay |
Genitive | قَوْمَيْنِ qawmayni |
الْقَوْمَيْنِ al-qawmayni |
قَوْمَيْ qawmay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَقْوَام ʔaqwām |
الْأَقْوَام al-ʔaqwām |
أَقْوَام ʔaqwām |
Nominative | أَقْوَامٌ ʔaqwāmun |
الْأَقْوَامُ al-ʔaqwāmu |
أَقْوَامُ ʔaqwāmu |
Accusative | أَقْوَامًا ʔaqwāman |
الْأَقْوَامَ al-ʔaqwāma |
أَقْوَامَ ʔaqwāma |
Genitive | أَقْوَامٍ ʔaqwāmin |
الْأَقْوَامِ al-ʔaqwāmi |
أَقْوَامِ ʔaqwāmi |
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[2], London: W.H. Allen
Adjective[edit]
قُوَّم • (quwwam)
Azerbaijani[edit]
Noun[edit]
قۇم (qum)
Declension[edit]
Hijazi Arabic[edit]
Root |
---|
ق و م |
8 terms |
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
قوم • (gawwam) II (non-past يِقَوِّم (yimawwit), verbal noun تَقْويم (tagwīm))
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of قوم (gawwam) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | قومت (gawwamt) | قومت (gawwamt) | قوم (gawwam) | قومنا (gawwamna) | قومتوا (gawwamtu) | قوموا (gawwamu) | |
f | قومتي (gawwamti) | قومت (gawwamat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أقوم (ʔagawwim) | تقوم (tigawwim) | يقوم (yigawwim) | نقوم (nigawwim) | تقوموا (tigawwimu) | يقوموا (yigawwimu) | |
f | تقومي (tigawwimi) | تقوم (tigawwim) | ||||||
imperative | m | قوم (gawwim) | قوموا (gawwimu) | |||||
f | قومي (gawwimi) |
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
قوم • (gūm)
- second-person masculine singular imperative of قام (gām)
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
قوم • (gawwim)
- second-person masculine singular imperative of قَوِّم (gawwam)
Moroccan Arabic[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Root |
---|
ق و م |
2 terms |
From Arabic قَوَّمَ (qawwama).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
قوم • (qawwam) II (non-past يقوم (yqawwam))
- (transitive) to evaluate
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of قوم | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | قوّمت (qawwamt) | قوّمتي (qawwamti) | قوّم (qawwam) | قوّمنا (qawwamna) | قوّمتوا (qawwamtu) | قوّموا (qawwmu) | |
f | قوّمت (qawwmāt) | |||||||
non-past | m | نقوّم (nqawwam) | تقوّم (tqawwam) | يقوّم (yqawwam) | نقوّموا (nqawwmu) | تقوّموا (tqawwmu) | يقوّموا (yqawwmu) | |
f | تقوّمي (tqawwmi) | تقوّم (tqawwam) | ||||||
imperative | m | قوّم (qawwam) | قوّموا (qawwmu) | |||||
f | قوّمي (qawwmi) |
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
قَوْم or قُوم • (qawm or qūm) m (plural أقوام (ʔaqwām))
Ottoman Turkish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”); cognate with Azerbaijani qum, Bashkir ҡом (qom), Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Turkmen gum, Uyghur قۇم (qum) and Uzbek qum.
Noun[edit]
قوم • (kum)
- sand, finely ground rock which forms beaches and deserts
- gravel, chisel, small fragments of rock
- Synonym: چاقل (çakıl)
- (medicine) kidney stones, a calculus in the kidney
- (figuratively) anything that is as numerous as grains of sand
Derived terms[edit]
- قوم اوتی (kum otu, “sedge”)
- قوم اینجو (kum inci, “seed pearl”)
- قوم بالغی (kum balığı, “skink”)
- قوم ساعتی (kum saʿatı, “hourglass”)
- قوم گبی قاینامق (kum gibi kaynamak, “to swarm”)
- قومجی (kumcu, “sand merchant”)
- قومسال (kumsal, “sandy place; sand bar”)
- قوملق (kumluk, “sandy place”)
- قوملو (kumlu, “sandy, arenose”)
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kum1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2833
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قوم”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[3], Vienna: F. Beck, page 377a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قوم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[4], Constantinople: Mihran, page 990
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Arena”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[5], Vienna, column 81
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قوم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[6], Vienna, columns 3805–3806
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kum”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قوم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[7], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1496
Persian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [qawm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [qowm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [qäwm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | qawm |
Dari reading? | qawm |
Iranian reading? | ğowm |
Tajik reading? | qavm |
Noun[edit]
Dari | قوم |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | қавм |
قُوْم • (qowm) (plural اقوام (aqvâm))
- people, nation, tribe
- 1048-1131, Omar Khayyám, Rubáiyát
- قومی متفکرند اندر ره دین ― qowm-i motefakker-and andar rah-e din ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- قومی به گمان فتاده در راه یقین ― qowm-i be-gamân fetâde dar râh-e yaqin ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- میترسم از آنکه بانگ آید روزی ― mi-tarsam az ân-ke bâng âyad ruzi ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- کای بیخبران راه نه آنست و نه این ― key bi-xabarân! râh na ân-ast o na in ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1048-1131, Omar Khayyám, Rubáiyát
- ethnic group
Descendants[edit]
Punjabi[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).
Noun[edit]
قَوم • (qaum) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੌਮ)
Synonyms[edit]
- (people): نسل (nasal)
Urdu[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /qɔːm/
Audio (IN) (file)
Noun[edit]
قَوم • (qaum) f (formal plural اقوام, Hindi spelling क़ौम)
Synonyms[edit]
- (people, community): سَمُدائے (samudāe), سَمْپَرْدائے (sampardāe), سَن٘گَت (saṅgat), گِروہ (giroh), سَماج (samāj), مُعاشِرَہ (mu'āśira), بَرادرِی (barādrī), اُمَّت (ummat)
- (race): نسل (nasl), جاتی (jātī)
Derived terms[edit]
- قَومی (qaumī, “national”)
- قَومِیَت (qaumiyat, “nationality”)
- اَقْوامِ مُتَّحِدَہ (aqvām-i muttahida, “United Nations”)
- بَینَ الَاقْوامی (bainal-aqvāmī, “international”)
- قَوم پَرَسْتی (qaum parastī, “nationalism”)
References[edit]
- Platts, John T. (1884) “قوم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- “قوم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- John Shakespear (1834) “قوم”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ق و م
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- ota:Medicine
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- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- Urdu terms with usage examples