معلوم

Arabic

Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of عَلِمَ (ʕalima, “to know”), verb form I from the root ع ل م (ʕ-l-m): literally, “known”. The word is used to describe the active voice because the agent of the verb is mentioned and is therefore known. In the passive, on the other hand, the agent is usually not mentioned and is therefore unknown (مَجْهُول (majhūl)).

Adjective

مَعْلُوم • (maʕlūm) (feminine مَعْلُومَة (maʕlūma), masculine plural مَعْلُومُونَ (maʕlūmūna), feminine plural مَعْلُومَات (maʕlūmāt))

1. known
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:197:

     الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَّعْلُومَاتٌ

     al-ḥajju ʔašhurun mmaʕlūmātun

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. clear, evident, certain
3. of course, yes (in answering)
4. noteworthy, celebrated, distinguished
5. (mathematics) given (mathematical quantity)

Declension

Declension of adjective مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مَعْلُوم maʕlūm	الْمَعْلُوم al-maʕlūm	مَعْلُومَة maʕlūma	الْمَعْلُومَة al-maʕlūma
Nominative	مَعْلُومٌ maʕlūmun	الْمَعْلُومُ al-maʕlūmu	مَعْلُومَةٌ maʕlūmatun	الْمَعْلُومَةُ al-maʕlūmatu
Accusative	مَعْلُومًا maʕlūman	الْمَعْلُومَ al-maʕlūma	مَعْلُومَةً maʕlūmatan	الْمَعْلُومَةَ al-maʕlūmata
Genitive	مَعْلُومٍ maʕlūmin	الْمَعْلُومِ al-maʕlūmi	مَعْلُومَةٍ maʕlūmatin	الْمَعْلُومَةِ al-maʕlūmati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مَعْلُومَيْن maʕlūmayn	الْمَعْلُومَيْن al-maʕlūmayn	مَعْلُومَتَيْن maʕlūmatayn	الْمَعْلُومَتَيْن al-maʕlūmatayn
Nominative	مَعْلُومَانِ maʕlūmāni	الْمَعْلُومَانِ al-maʕlūmāni	مَعْلُومَتَانِ maʕlūmatāni	الْمَعْلُومَتَانِ al-maʕlūmatāni
Accusative	مَعْلُومَيْنِ maʕlūmayni	الْمَعْلُومَيْنِ al-maʕlūmayni	مَعْلُومَتَيْنِ maʕlūmatayni	الْمَعْلُومَتَيْنِ al-maʕlūmatayni
Genitive	مَعْلُومَيْنِ maʕlūmayni	الْمَعْلُومَيْنِ al-maʕlūmayni	مَعْلُومَتَيْنِ maʕlūmatayni	الْمَعْلُومَتَيْنِ al-maʕlūmatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مَعْلُومِين maʕlūmīn	الْمَعْلُومِين al-maʕlūmīn	مَعْلُومَات maʕlūmāt	الْمَعْلُومَات al-maʕlūmāt
Nominative	مَعْلُومُونَ maʕlūmūna	الْمَعْلُومُونَ al-maʕlūmūna	مَعْلُومَاتٌ maʕlūmātun	الْمَعْلُومَاتُ al-maʕlūmātu
Accusative	مَعْلُومِينَ maʕlūmīna	الْمَعْلُومِينَ al-maʕlūmīna	مَعْلُومَاتٍ maʕlūmātin	الْمَعْلُومَاتِ al-maʕlūmāti
Genitive	مَعْلُومِينَ maʕlūmīna	الْمَعْلُومِينَ al-maʕlūmīna	مَعْلُومَاتٍ maʕlūmātin	الْمَعْلُومَاتِ al-maʕlūmāti

Descendants

• → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܥܠܘܼܡ (maʕlūm)
• → Azerbaijani: məlum
• → Hindi: मालूम (mālūm)
• → Kazakh: мәлім (mälım), мағлұм (mağlūm)
• → Malay: maklum
• → Persian: معلوم (ma'lum)
• → Swahili: maalum
• → Turkish: malum
• → Urdu: معلوم (maʻlūm)
• → Uyghur: مەلۇم (melum)
• → Uzbek: maʼlum

Noun

مَعْلُوم • (maʕlūm) m

1. (grammar) active voice

Declension

Declension of noun مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَعْلُوم maʕlūm	الْمَعْلُوم al-maʕlūm	مَعْلُوم maʕlūm
Nominative	مَعْلُومٌ maʕlūmun	الْمَعْلُومُ al-maʕlūmu	مَعْلُومُ maʕlūmu
Accusative	مَعْلُومًا maʕlūman	الْمَعْلُومَ al-maʕlūma	مَعْلُومَ maʕlūma
Genitive	مَعْلُومٍ maʕlūmin	الْمَعْلُومِ al-maʕlūmi	مَعْلُومِ maʕlūmi

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “معلوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “معلوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen

Noun

مَعْلُوم • (maʕlūm) m (plural مَعَالِيم (maʕālīm))

1. income, salary, pension
2. tax
3. cost, amount

Declension

Declension of noun مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَعْلُوم maʕlūm	الْمَعْلُوم al-maʕlūm	مَعْلُوم maʕlūm
Nominative	مَعْلُومٌ maʕlūmun	الْمَعْلُومُ al-maʕlūmu	مَعْلُومُ maʕlūmu
Accusative	مَعْلُومًا maʕlūman	الْمَعْلُومَ al-maʕlūma	مَعْلُومَ maʕlūma
Genitive	مَعْلُومٍ maʕlūmin	الْمَعْلُومِ al-maʕlūmi	مَعْلُومِ maʕlūmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَعْلُومَيْن maʕlūmayn	الْمَعْلُومَيْن al-maʕlūmayn	مَعْلُومَيْ maʕlūmay
Nominative	مَعْلُومَانِ maʕlūmāni	الْمَعْلُومَانِ al-maʕlūmāni	مَعْلُومَا maʕlūmā
Accusative	مَعْلُومَيْنِ maʕlūmayni	الْمَعْلُومَيْنِ al-maʕlūmayni	مَعْلُومَيْ maʕlūmay
Genitive	مَعْلُومَيْنِ maʕlūmayni	الْمَعْلُومَيْنِ al-maʕlūmayni	مَعْلُومَيْ maʕlūmay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَعَالِيم maʕālīm	الْمَعَالِيم al-maʕālīm	مَعَالِيم maʕālīm
Nominative	مَعَالِيمُ maʕālīmu	الْمَعَالِيمُ al-maʕālīmu	مَعَالِيمُ maʕālīmu
Accusative	مَعَالِيمَ maʕālīma	الْمَعَالِيمَ al-maʕālīma	مَعَالِيمَ maʕālīma
Genitive	مَعَالِيمَ maʕālīma	الْمَعَالِيمِ al-maʕālīmi	مَعَالِيمِ maʕālīmi

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “معلوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[3], London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “معلوم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Malay

Verb

معلوم

1. Jawi spelling of maklum

Adjective

معلوم

1. Jawi spelling of maklum

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [maʔ.ˈluːm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʔ.lúːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʔ.lúːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mɑː.lúːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mɔː.lúm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mæʔ.lúːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʔ.lúm]

Readings
Classical reading?	ma'lūm
Dari reading?	ma'lūm
Iranian reading?	ma'lum
Tajik reading?	maʾlum

Adjective

Dari	معلوم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	маълум

معلوم • (ma'lum)

1. (grammar) active
2. known
3. distinguished

Antonyms

• مجهول (majhul)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ل م
7 terms

Etymology

From Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maʕ.luːm/, [maʕˈluːm]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Adjective

معلوم • (maʕlūm) (feminine معلومة (maʕlūme))

1. known, obvious
2. of course, yes (in answering)

See also

• معروف (maʕrūf, “well-known, familiar”)

Interjection

معلوم • (maʕlūm)

1. of course!, naturally!

   Synonyms: طبعا (ṭabʕan), بالطبع (biṭ-ṭabʕ)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm) (through Classical Persian معلوم (ma'lūm)), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /məʕ.luːm/, [mɑː.luːm]
• Rhymes: -uːm
• Hyphenation: مَعْ‧لُوم

Adjective

مَعْلُوم • (ma'lūm) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling मालूम)

1. known

   Synonym: پتا (patā)

   معلوم نہیں ― mālūm nahī̃ ― (I) don't know

2. evident, clear; obvious

References

• “معلوم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “معلوم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “معلوم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.