کلان

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Parthian 𐫐𐫓𐫀𐫗 (klʾn /⁠kalān⁠/, “great, big; pure”). Related to Tat kələ (“great, big”) and the Armenian toponym Կաղանկատոյք (Kałankatoykʻ, literally “big habitation”). The ultimate origin is uncertain.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ka.ˈlɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.lɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.lɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰä.lɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰä.lɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲæ.lɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.lɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	kalān
Dari reading?	kalān
Iranian reading?	kalân
Tajik reading?	kalon

Adjective

Dari	کلان
Iranian Persian	بُزُرگ
Tajik	макро

کلان • (kalân) (comparative کلان‌تَر (kalân-tar), superlative کلان‌تَرین (kalân-tarin))

1. (chiefly Dari or uncommon) big, huge, massive

   از خرد تا کلان

   az xurd tâ kalân(Dari)

   the details, the exacts, everything

   (literally, “from small to big”)

   از خرد تا کلانش رو بهم توضیح داد

   az xord tâ kalân-eš ro behem tozih dâd.(Iranian Persian)

   they explained all the details to me

Derived terms

• کلانتر (kalântar)
• کلان شدن (kalân šodan)
• پدر کلان (padar-i kalân) (Dari)
• مادر کلان (mâdar-i kalân) (Dari)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: kalan
• → Urdu: کلاں (kalā̃)

References

• Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “klʾn”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 205b
• Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 349
• Oranskij, I. M. (1970) “K imeni baktrijskovo (?) voždja ΚΑΤΆΝΗΣ (IV v. do n. e.) [To the name of the Bactrian (?) chieftain ΚΑΤΆΝΗΣ (IV cent. B. C.)]”, in Palestinskij sbornik‎^[1] (in Russian), volume 21 (84), pages 155–160
• کَلاں [کَلاں] (فارسی), quotee (2006) “کلاں”, in اردو لغت‎^[2]