अरस

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ə.ɾəs/, [ɐ.ɾɐs]

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अरस (arasá). By surface analysis, अ- (a-) +‎ रस (ras).

Adjective

अरस • (aras) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling اَرَس)

1. sapless, tasteless, insipid
2. dull, uninteresting

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Possibly through Braj अरस (aras).

Noun

अरस • (aras) m (Urdu spelling اَرَس)

1. Alternative form of अलस (alas, “languor, sloth, laziness”)

Declension

Declension of अरस (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अरस aras	अरस aras
oblique	अरस aras	अरसों arasõ
vocative	अरस aras	अरसो araso

Noun

अरस • (aras) m (Urdu spelling اَرَس)

1. Alternative form of अर्श (arś, “roof; sky; heaven”)

Declension

Declension of अरस (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अरस aras	अरस aras
oblique	अरस aras	अरसों arasõ
vocative	अरस aras	अरसो araso

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “अरस”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• Platts, John T. (1884) “अरस”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “अरस”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• “अरस”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অৰস (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬭᬲ (Balinese script)
• অরস (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰨𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀭𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• အရသ (Burmese script)
• અરસ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਰਸ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌰𑌸 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦫꦱ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂩𑂮 (Kaithi script)
• ಅರಸ (Kannada script)
• អរស (Khmer script)
• ອຣສ (Lao script)
• അരസ (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᡵᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘨𑘭 (Modi script)
• ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧈𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐬𑐳 (Newa script)
• ଅରସ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢬꢱ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆫𑆱 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖨𑖭 (Siddham script)
• අරස (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩼𑪁 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚤𑚨 (Takri script)
• அரஸ (Tamil script)
• అరస (Telugu script)
• อรส (Thai script)
• ཨ་ར་ས (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒩𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨫𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From अ- (a-, negative prefix) +‎ रस (rása, “sap, elixir, semen; charm, delight, taste, pleasure”). Later Vedic अलस (alasá, “lazy, tired”) is a corruption of this term.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ɾɐ.sɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɐ.ɾɐ.s̪ɐ/

Adjective

अरस • (arasá) stem

1. sapless, tasteless, insipid
2. weak, having no strength, inefficacious, impotent
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.191.16:

     कुषुम्भकस्तदब्रवीद्गिरेः प्रवर्तमानकः।
     वृश्चिकस्य्आरसं विषम्अरसं वृश्चिक ते विषम्॥

     kuṣumbhakastadabravīdgireḥ pravartamānakaḥ.
     vṛścikasyārasaṃ viṣamarasaṃ vṛścika te viṣam.

     Appearing forth from the mountain's side the poison-insect said:
     "The scorpion's venom is weak. O Scorpion, your venom is weak."

3. dull, uninteresting
4. not having the sense of taste
5. unhappy

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अरस (arasá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अरसः arasáḥ	अरसौ / अरसा¹ arasaú / arasā́¹	अरसाः / अरसासः¹ arasā́ḥ / arasā́saḥ¹
Vocative	अरस árasa	अरसौ / अरसा¹ árasau / árasā¹	अरसाः / अरसासः¹ árasāḥ / árasāsaḥ¹
Accusative	अरसम् arasám	अरसौ / अरसा¹ arasaú / arasā́¹	अरसान् arasā́n
Instrumental	अरसेन araséna	अरसाभ्याम् arasā́bhyām	अरसैः / अरसेभिः¹ arasaíḥ / arasébhiḥ¹
Dative	अरसाय arasā́ya	अरसाभ्याम् arasā́bhyām	अरसेभ्यः arasébhyaḥ
Ablative	अरसात् arasā́t	अरसाभ्याम् arasā́bhyām	अरसेभ्यः arasébhyaḥ
Genitive	अरसस्य arasásya	अरसयोः arasáyoḥ	अरसानाम् arasā́nām
Locative	अरसे arasé	अरसयोः arasáyoḥ	अरसेषु araséṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of अरसा (arasā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अरसा arasā́	अरसे arasé	अरसाः arasā́ḥ
Vocative	अरसे árase	अरसे árase	अरसाः árasāḥ
Accusative	अरसाम् arasā́m	अरसे arasé	अरसाः arasā́ḥ
Instrumental	अरसया / अरसा¹ arasáyā / arasā́¹	अरसाभ्याम् arasā́bhyām	अरसाभिः arasā́bhiḥ
Dative	अरसायै arasā́yai	अरसाभ्याम् arasā́bhyām	अरसाभ्यः arasā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	अरसायाः / अरसायै² arasā́yāḥ / arasā́yai²	अरसाभ्याम् arasā́bhyām	अरसाभ्यः arasā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	अरसायाः / अरसायै² arasā́yāḥ / arasā́yai²	अरसयोः arasáyoḥ	अरसानाम् arasā́nām
Locative	अरसायाम् arasā́yām	अरसयोः arasáyoḥ	अरसासु arasā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of अरस (arasá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अरसम् arasám	अरसे arasé	अरसानि / अरसा¹ arasā́ni / arasā́¹
Vocative	अरस árasa	अरसे árase	अरसानि / अरसा¹ árasāni / árasā¹
Accusative	अरसम् arasám	अरसे arasé	अरसानि / अरसा¹ arasā́ni / arasā́¹
Instrumental	अरसेन araséna	अरसाभ्याम् arasā́bhyām	अरसैः / अरसेभिः¹ arasaíḥ / arasébhiḥ¹
Dative	अरसाय arasā́ya	अरसाभ्याम् arasā́bhyām	अरसेभ्यः arasébhyaḥ
Ablative	अरसात् arasā́t	अरसाभ्याम् arasā́bhyām	अरसेभ्यः arasébhyaḥ
Genitive	अरसस्य arasásya	अरसयोः arasáyoḥ	अरसानाम् arasā́nām
Locative	अरसे arasé	अरसयोः arasáyoḥ	अरसेषु araséṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: arasa
• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀭𑀲 (arasa)
• → Hindi: अरस (aras) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “अरस”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 87.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “arasa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “अरस”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “अरस”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “arasa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press