कठ्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কঠ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬞ᭄ (Balinese script)
• কঠ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰙𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀞𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ကဌ် (Burmese script)
• કઠ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਕਠ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌠𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦜ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂘𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಕಠ್ (Kannada script)
• កឋ៑ (Khmer script)
• ກຐ຺ (Lao script)
• കഠ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠᡱ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘙𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᢍ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑦹𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐛𑑂 (Newa script)
• କଠ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢝ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆜𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖙𑖿 (Siddham script)
• කඨ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩧 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚕𑚶 (Takri script)
• கட்² (Tamil script)
• కఠ్ (Telugu script)
• กฐฺ (Thai script)
• ཀ་ཋ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒚𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨕𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Has been compared to Ancient Greek κρατερός (kraterós, “strong”) and Old Irish calath (“firm”), but the phonetic variation of the words grouped under this root is difficult to reconcile. In light of this, perhaps borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, “to build, harden”). Note also Nepali करा (karā, “hard, rough”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐʈʰ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /kɐʈʰ/

Root

कठ् • (kaṭh)

1. to live in distress

Derived terms

• कठ (kaṭha)
• कठिन (kaṭhina)
• कठोर (kaṭhora)

 

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “कठ्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 244.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 50
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 144