गर्जति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গৰ্জতি (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬃᬚᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• গর্জতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰨𑰿𑰕𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀚𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဂရ်္ဇတိ (Burmese script)
• ગર્જતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਗਰ੍ਜਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑌰𑍍𑌜𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦂꦗꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಗರ್ಜತಿ (Kannada script)
• គជ៌តិ (Khmer script)
• ຄຣ຺ຊຕິ (Lao script)
• ഗര്ജതി (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᠠᡵᡯᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘕𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠠᠷᠽᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧈𑧠𑦵𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐬𑑂𑐖𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଗର୍ଜତି (Odia script)
• ꢔꢬ꣄ꢙꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆫𑇀𑆘𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖨𑖿𑖕𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ගර්‍ජති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩼 𑪙𑩣𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚤𑚶𑚑𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• க³ர்ஜதி (Tamil script)
• గర్జతి (Telugu script)
• ครฺชติ (Thai script)
• ག་རྫ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒩𑓂𑒖𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨫𑩇𑨥𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gárȷ́ati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gárǰati, from Proto-Indo-European *gérh₂-ge-ti, from *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Cognate with Lithuanian gìrgždėti (“to creak, squeak”), Old English cracian (whence English crack).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐ́ɾ.d͡ʑɐ.ti/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɐɾ.d͡ʑɐ.t̪i/

Verb

गर्जति • (gárjati) third-singular present indicative (root गर्ज्, class 1, type P)

1. to roar, growl, emit a deep sound
2. to thunder

Conjugation

Present: गर्जति (gárjati), गर्जते (gárjate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	गर्जति gárjati	गर्जतः gárjataḥ	गर्जन्ति gárjanti	गर्जते gárjate	गर्जेते gárjete	गर्जन्ते gárjante
Second	गर्जसि gárjasi	गर्जथः gárjathaḥ	गर्जथ gárjatha	गर्जसे gárjase	गर्जेथे gárjethe	गर्जध्वे gárjadhve
First	गर्जामि gárjāmi	गर्जावः gárjāvaḥ	गर्जामः gárjāmaḥ	गर्जे gárje	गर्जावहे gárjāvahe	गर्जामहे gárjāmahe
Imperative
Third	गर्जतु gárjatu	गर्जताम् gárjatām	गर्जन्तु gárjantu	गर्जताम् gárjatām	गर्जेताम् gárjetām	गर्जन्ताम् gárjantām
Second	गर्ज gárja	गर्जतम् gárjatam	गर्जत gárjata	गर्जस्व gárjasva	गर्जेथाम् gárjethām	गर्जध्वम् gárjadhvam
First	गर्जानि gárjāni	गर्जाव gárjāva	गर्जाम gárjāma	गर्जै gárjai	गर्जावहै gárjāvahai	गर्जामहै gárjāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	गर्जेत् gárjet	गर्जेताम् gárjetām	गर्जेयुः gárjeyuḥ	गर्जेत gárjeta	गर्जेयाताम् gárjeyātām	गर्जेरन् gárjeran
Second	गर्जेः gárjeḥ	गर्जेतम् gárjetam	गर्जेत gárjeta	गर्जेथाः gárjethāḥ	गर्जेयाथाम् gárjeyāthām	गर्जेध्वम् gárjedhvam
First	गर्जेयम् gárjeyam	गर्जेव gárjeva	गर्जेम gárjema	गर्जेय gárjeya	गर्जेवहि gárjevahi	गर्जेमहि gárjemahi
Participles
	गर्जत् gárjat			गर्जमान gárjamāna

Descendants

• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Assamese: গাজ (gaz)
  • Odia: ଗାଜିବା (gajiba)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (gajjaï)
  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: गाजणे (gājaṇe)

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘰𑘕𑘜𑘹 (gājaṇe)

    • Marathi: गाजणे (gājṇe)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Takka Apabhramsa:
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਗੱਜਣਾ (gajjaṇā)

      Shahmukhi script: گَجّݨا (gajjṇā)

  • Vracada Apabhramsa:
    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: گَجَڻُ

      Devanagari script: गजणु

• Pali: gajjati
• Sauraseni Prakrit:
  • Gurjar Apabhramsa:
    • Old Gujarati:
      • Gujarati: ગાજવું (gājvũ)
  • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    • Old Hindi:
      • Hindustani:

        Hindi: गाजना (gājnā)

        Urdu: گَاجْنَا (gājnā)

• ⇒ Gujarati: ગરજવું (garajvũ)
• ⇒ Hindustani:

  Hindi: गरजना (garajnā)

  Urdu: گَرَجْنَا (garajnā)

• ⇒ Maithili:

  Devanagari script: गरजब (garᵊjab)

  Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒩𑒖𑒥 (garajaba)

• ⇒ Old Marathi:

  Devanagari script: गर्जणे (garjaṇe)

  Modi script: 𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘕𑘜𑘹 (garjaṇe)

  • Marathi: गरजणे (garajṇe)
• ⇒ Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਗਰਜਣਾ (garjaṇā)

  Shahmukhi script: گَرجݨا (garjṇā)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “गर्जति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 349, column 1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gárjati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press