ज्येष्ठ

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒjeːʂʈʰ/

Proper noun

ज्येष्ठ • (jyeṣṭh) m

1. Jyeshth (third month of the Hindu lunar calendar)

Declension

Declension of ज्येष्ठ (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ज्येष्ठ jyeṣṭh	ज्येष्ठ jyeṣṭh
oblique	ज्येष्ठ jyeṣṭh	ज्येष्ठों jyeṣṭhõ
vocative	ज्येष्ठ jyeṣṭh	ज्येष्ठो jyeṣṭho

Adjective

ज्येष्ठ • (jyeṣṭh) (indeclinable)

1. chief, supreme

Related terms

• (lunar months) चैत्र (caitra), वैशाख (vaiśākh), ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭh), आषाढ़ (āṣāṛh) / असाढ़ (asāṛh), श्रावण (śrāvaṇ), भाद्र (bhādra), आश्विन (āśvin), कार्तिक (kārtik), मार्गशीर्ष (mārgaśīrṣ) / अग्रहायण (agrahāyaṇ), पौष (pauṣ), माघ (māgh), फाल्गुन (phālgun) ^{(Category: hi:Hindu lunar calendar months)}

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡zjes̠t̠ʰʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: ज्येस्ठ

Proper noun

ज्येष्ठ • (jyeṣṭha)

1. Jyeshth
   1. the second month in the Vikram Samvat calendar
   2. the third month in the lunar Hindu calendar

   Synonym: जेठ (jeṭh)

Related terms

• (lunar months) वैशाख (vaiśākh), ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha) / जेठ (jeṭh), आषाढ (āṣāḍh), साउन (sāuna), भदौ (bhadau) / भाद्र (bhādra), असोज (asoj) / आश्विन (āśvina), कात्तिक (kāttik) / कार्त्तिक (kārttik), मङ्सिर (maṅsira) / मार्ग (mārga), पुस (pus) / पौष (pauṣ), माघ (māgh), फागुन (phāguna) / फाल्गुन (phālguna), चैत (cait) / चैत्र (caitra) ^{(Category: ne:Hindu lunar calendar months)}

Further reading

• “ज्येष्ठ”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎^[1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
• Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “जेठ”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জ্যেষ্ঠ (Assamese script)
• ᬚ᭄ᬬᬾᬱ᭄ᬞ (Balinese script)
• জ্যেষ্ঠ (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰿𑰧𑰸𑰬𑰿𑰙 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑁆𑀬𑁂𑀱𑁆𑀞 (Brahmi script)
• ဇျေၑ္ဌ (Burmese script)
• જ્યેષ્ઠ (Gujarati script)
• ਜ੍ਯੇਸ਼੍ਠ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑍍𑌯𑍇𑌷𑍍𑌠 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦾꦺꦰ꧀ꦜ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂹𑂨𑂵𑂭𑂹𑂘 (Kaithi script)
• ಜ್ಯೇಷ್ಠ (Kannada script)
• ជ្យេឞ្ឋ (Khmer script)
• ຊ຺ເຍຩ຺ຐ (Lao script)
• ജ്യേഷ്ഠ (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠶᡝᢢᡱᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘿𑘧𑘹𑘬𑘿𑘙 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠶ᠋ᠧᢔᢍᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧠𑧇𑧚𑧌𑧠𑦹 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐾𑐲𑑂𑐛 (Newa script)
• ଜ୍ଯେଷ୍ଠ (Odia script)
• ꢙ꣄ꢫꢾꢰ꣄ꢝ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑇀𑆪𑆼𑆰𑇀𑆜 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖿𑖧𑖸𑖬𑖿𑖙 (Siddham script)
• ජ්‍යෙෂ‍්ඨ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣 𑪙𑩻𑩔𑪀 𑪙𑩧 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚶𑚣𑚲𑚶𑚕 (Takri script)
• ஜ்யேஷ்ட² (Tamil script)
• జ్యేష్ఠ (Telugu script)
• ชฺเยษฺฐ (Thai script)
• ཛྱེ་ཥྛ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑓂𑒨𑒹𑒭𑓂𑒚 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑩇𑨪𑨄𑨯𑩇𑨕 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Superlative of ज्या (jyā, “to overpower, defeat, oppress”), itself from the root जि (ji, “to conquer”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑjɐ́jʂ.ʈʰɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑjeːʂ.ʈʰɐ/

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑjɐjʂ.ʈʰɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑjeːʂ.ʈʰɐ/

Adjective

ज्येष्ठ • (jyéṣṭha, jyeṣṭhá)

1. most excellent, pre-eminent, first, chief, best, greatest
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Noun

ज्येष्ठ • (jyéṣṭha) stem, m

1. the eldest brother
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ज्येष्ठ (jyéṣṭha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ज्येष्ठः jyéṣṭhaḥ	ज्येष्ठौ / ज्येष्ठा¹ jyéṣṭhau / jyéṣṭhā¹	ज्येष्ठाः / ज्येष्ठासः¹ jyéṣṭhāḥ / jyéṣṭhāsaḥ¹
Vocative	ज्येष्ठ jyéṣṭha	ज्येष्ठौ / ज्येष्ठा¹ jyéṣṭhau / jyéṣṭhā¹	ज्येष्ठाः / ज्येष्ठासः¹ jyéṣṭhāḥ / jyéṣṭhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	ज्येष्ठम् jyéṣṭham	ज्येष्ठौ / ज्येष्ठा¹ jyéṣṭhau / jyéṣṭhā¹	ज्येष्ठान् jyéṣṭhān
Instrumental	ज्येष्ठेन jyéṣṭhena	ज्येष्ठाभ्याम् jyéṣṭhābhyām	ज्येष्ठैः / ज्येष्ठेभिः¹ jyéṣṭhaiḥ / jyéṣṭhebhiḥ¹
Dative	ज्येष्ठाय jyéṣṭhāya	ज्येष्ठाभ्याम् jyéṣṭhābhyām	ज्येष्ठेभ्यः jyéṣṭhebhyaḥ
Ablative	ज्येष्ठात् jyéṣṭhāt	ज्येष्ठाभ्याम् jyéṣṭhābhyām	ज्येष्ठेभ्यः jyéṣṭhebhyaḥ
Genitive	ज्येष्ठस्य jyéṣṭhasya	ज्येष्ठयोः jyéṣṭhayoḥ	ज्येष्ठानाम् jyéṣṭhānām
Locative	ज्येष्ठे jyéṣṭhe	ज्येष्ठयोः jyéṣṭhayoḥ	ज्येष्ठेषु jyéṣṭheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Proper noun

ज्येष्ठ • (jyeṣṭha) stem, m

1. the star Antares
2. (Hinduism) Third month of the Hindu lunar calendar

Related terms

• (lunar months) चैत्र (caitra), वैशाख (vaiśākha), ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha), आषाढ (āṣāḍha), श्रावण (śrāvaṇa), भाद्र (bhādra), अश्विन् (aśvin), कार्तिक (kārtika), मार्गशीर्ष (mārgaśīrṣa) / अग्रहायण (agrahāyaṇa), पौष (pauṣa), माघ (māgha), फाल्गुन (phālguna) ^{(Category: sa:Lunar months)}

Descendants

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: žē̆ṣṭa
  • Kalasha: ǰeṣṭǟṅguṛ, ǰeṣṭā́li, ǰeṣṭak
  • Kashmiri: زیُٹھُ (zyuṭhu), زٕٹھ (zụṭh)
  • Pashayi:
    • Northeast Pashayi: deṣṭo
    • Northwest Pashayi: dešti
    • Southeast Pashayi: ǰéṣṭā, deṣṭā́, ǰiṣṭī́
  • Phalura: جݜٹ (ǰεṣṭa)
  • Shumashti: dyḗiṣṭi
  • → Proto-Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: dištū, diṣṭu, dešte
    • Kalami: ǰeṣṭ, ǰištã
    • Prasuni: έštek, žišt
    • Waigali: duštö, dušt, deštēi
• Pali: jeṭṭha
• Prakrit: 𑀚𑁂𑀝𑁆𑀞 (jĕṭṭha), 𑀚𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (jiṭṭha)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Awadhi: जेठ (jeṭh)
      • Hindustani: jeṭh, jeṭhā, jeṭhī
        • Hindi: जेठ, जेठा, जेठी
        • Urdu: جیٹھ (jeṭh), جیٹھَہ (jeṭha), جیٹھِی (jeṭhī)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: জেঠ (zeth), জেঠা (zetha), জেঠী (zethi), জেঠাল (zethal), জেঠিয়ই (zethii)
      • Bihari: जेठरी (jeṭhrī)
        • Bhojpuri: जेठ (jēṭh)
        • Maithili: जेठ (jēṭh), जेठि (jēṭhɨ)
      • Odia: ଜେଠ (jeṭhô)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Central Pahari:
        • Garhwali: जेठ (jeṭh)
        • Kumaoni: जेठो (jeṭho), जेठू (jeṭhū), ज्यठ (j̈yaṭh)
      • Eastern Pahari:
        • Nepali: जेठ (jeṭh), जेठो (jeṭho)
      • Western Pahari:
        • Bhadrawahi: जेठ (jeṭh), जेइठ (jeiṭh)
        • Churahi: जेठा (jeṭhā)
        • Pangwali: जेठा (jeṭhā)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi: jeṭh, jeṭṭhā, jeṭhāl

          Gurmukhi script: ਜੇਠ, ਜੇੱਠਾ, ਜੇਠਾਲ

          Shahmukhi script: جیٹھ, جیٹّھَہ, جیٹھَال

          • Lahnda: جیٹھ (jeṭh), جیٹھہ (jeṭhā)
      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: j̄eṭhu

          Arabic script: ڄيٺ

          Devanagari script: ॼेठ

          • Kachchi: જેઠ (jeṭh)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ދޮށި (doṣi), ދޮށީ (doṣī)
      • Sinhalese: දෙට (deṭa), දෙටි (deṭi), දෙටුවා (deṭuwā)
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Marathi: जेठ (jeṭh), जेठा (jeṭhā)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Old Gujarati:
        • Rajasthani:
          • Old Marwari: जेठ (jeṭh)
        • Gujarati: જેઠ (jeṭh)

Borrowed terms

• → Hindi: ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭh) (learned)
• → Nepali: ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha) (learned)
• → Old Javanese: jyeṣṭha
  • > Javanese: ꦢꦺꦱ꧀ꦠ (désta) (inherited)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jyestha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 291