निद्रा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नींद (nīnd).

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f

1. sleep, drowsiness

   Synonym: नींद (nīnd)

Declension

Declension of निद्रा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	निद्रा nidrā	निद्राएँ nidrāẽ
oblique	निद्रा nidrā	निद्राओं nidrāõ
vocative	निद्रा nidrā	निद्राओ nidrāo

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नीद (nīd). Cognate with Hindi निद्रा (nidrā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nid̪.ɾa/

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f

1. sleep, drowsiness

   Synonym: झोप (jhop) (more common)

Declension

Declension of निद्रा (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	निद्रा nidrā
direct plural	निद्रा nidrā
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	निद्रा nidrā		निद्रा nidrā
oblique सामान्यरूप	निद्रे nidre		निद्रां- nidrān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	निद्रेला nidrelā		निद्रांना nidrānnā
ergative	निद्रेने, निद्रेनं nidrene, nidrena		निद्रांनी nidrānnī
instrumental	निद्रेशी nidreśī		निद्रांशी nidrānśī
locative सप्तमी	निद्रेत nidret		निद्रांत nidrāt
vocative संबोधन	निद्रे nidre		निद्रांनो nidrānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of निद्रा (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	निद्रेचा nidreċā	निद्रेचे nidreċe	निद्रेची nidrecī	निद्रेच्या nidrecā	निद्रेचे, निद्रेचं nidreċe, nidreċa	निद्रेची nidrecī	निद्रेच्या nidrecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	निद्रांचा nidrānċā	निद्रांचे nidrānċe	निद्रांची nidrāñcī	निद्रांच्या nidrāncā	निद्रांचे, निद्रांचं nidrānċe, nidrānċa	निद्रांची nidrāñcī	निद्रांच्या nidrāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “निद्रा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “[1]”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nidrāˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Nepali

Alternative forms

• निन्द्रा (nindrā)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नीद (nīd).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nid̪rä]
• Phonetic Devanagari: निद्रा

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f

1. sleep

   Synonym: नीद (nīd)

References

• “निद्रा”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś)‎^[2], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
• Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “निद्रा”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• নিদ্ৰা (Assamese script)
• ᬦᬶᬤ᭄ᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
• নিদ্রা (Bengali script)
• 𑰡𑰰𑰟𑰿𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀦𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• နိဒြာ (Burmese script)
• નિદ્રા (Gujarati script)
• ਨਿਦ੍ਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌨𑌿𑌦𑍍𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦤꦶꦢꦿꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂢𑂱𑂠𑂹𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ನಿದ್ರಾ (Kannada script)
• និទ្រា (Khmer script)
• ນິທ຺ຣາ (Lao script)
• നിദ്രാ (Malayalam script)
• ᠨᡳᡩᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘡𑘱𑘟𑘿𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠨᠢᢑᠷᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧁𑧒𑦿𑧠𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐣𑐶𑐡𑑂𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
• ନିଦ୍ରା (Odia script)
• ꢥꢶꢣ꣄ꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆤𑆴𑆢𑇀𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖡𑖰𑖟𑖿𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
• නිද්‍රා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩯𑩑𑩭 𑪙𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚝𑚮𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
• நித்³ரா (Tamil script)
• నిద్రా (Telugu script)
• นิทฺรา (Thai script)
• ནི་དྲཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒢𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨝𑨁𑨛𑩇𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HnidráH (“sleep”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ni-drm̥-éh₂, from *h₁ni (“down”) + *drem- (“to sleep”). Compare Old Armenian նիրհ (nirh) (a borrowing from Iranian), Ancient Greek δαρθάνω (darthánō), Latin dormiō. See also नि (ní) and द्रायति (drā́yati).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /nid.ɾɑ́ː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪id̪.ɾɑː/

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā́) stem, f

1. sleep, slumber
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.14:

     त्रातारो देवा अधि वोचता नो मा नो निद्रा ईशत मोत जल्पिः।
     वयं सोमस्य विश्वह प्रियासः सुवीरासो विदथमा वदेम॥

     trātāro devā adhi vocatā no mā no nidrā īśata mota jalpiḥ.
     vayaṃ somasya viśvaha priyāsaḥ suvīrāso vidathamā vadema.

     Give us your blessing, O ye Gods’ preservers. Never may sleep or idle talk control us.
     But evermore may we, as friends of Soma, speak to the synod with brave sons around us.

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of निद्रा (nidrā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निद्रा nidrā́	निद्रे nidré	निद्राः nidrā́ḥ
Vocative	निद्रे nídre	निद्रे nídre	निद्राः nídrāḥ
Accusative	निद्राम् nidrā́m	निद्रे nidré	निद्राः nidrā́ḥ
Instrumental	निद्रया / निद्रा¹ nidráyā / nidrā́¹	निद्राभ्याम् nidrā́bhyām	निद्राभिः nidrā́bhiḥ
Dative	निद्रायै nidrā́yai	निद्राभ्याम् nidrā́bhyām	निद्राभ्यः nidrā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	निद्रायाः / निद्रायै² nidrā́yāḥ / nidrā́yai²	निद्राभ्याम् nidrā́bhyām	निद्राभ्यः nidrā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	निद्रायाः / निद्रायै² nidrā́yāḥ / nidrā́yai²	निद्रयोः nidráyoḥ	निद्राणाम् nidrā́ṇām
Locative	निद्रायाम् nidrā́yām	निद्रयोः nidráyoḥ	निद्रासु nidrā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• →Tatsama:

  • Bengali: নিদ্রা (nidra)
  • Hindi: निद्रा (nidrā)
  • Kannada: ನಿದ್ರೆ (nidre)
  • Marathi: निद्रा (nidrā)
  • Tamil: நித்திரை (nittirai)
  • Telugu: నిద్ర (nidra)

• Dardic:
  • Torwali: نین (nīn)
• Khasa Prakrit:
  • Nepali: निद् (nid), निन् (nin)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā)
  • Konkani: न्हीद (nhīd)
  • Old Marathi: नीद (nīda)
    • Marathi: नीद (nīd)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਨੀਂਦ (nīnd), ਨੀਦ (nīd), ਨੀਂਦਰ (nīndar)

    Shahmukhi script: نِینْدَر (nīndar), نِینْد (nīnd), نِید (nīd)

• Pali: niddā
  • → Kannada: ನಿದ್ದೆ (nidde)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā), *𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀭 (*ṇiddara)
  • → Tamil: நித்தை (nittai)
  • Gujarati: નીંદર (nī̃dar)
  • Hindi: नींद (nīnd), नीद (nīd)
  • Urdu: نِینْد (nīnd), نِید (nīd), نِنْدا (nindā)
• → Thai: นิทรา (nít-traa)

Root

निद्रा • (nidrā)

1. to sleep

Derived terms

• निद्राति (nidrāti)
• निद्रायति (nidrāyati)
• निद्रायते (nidrāyate)

 

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “निद्रा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 548/2.