पत्नी

See also: पतन

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पत्नी (patnī).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /pət̪.niː/, [pɐt̪̚.niː]

• Audio

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Noun

पत्नी • (patnī) f (masculine पति, Urdu spelling پتنی)

1. wife

Declension

Declension of पत्नी (fem ī-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पत्नी patnī	पत्नियाँ patniyā̃
oblique	पत्नी patnī	पत्नियों patniyõ
vocative	पत्नी patnī	पत्नियो patniyo

Synonyms

• बीवी (bīvī)

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पत्नी (patnī).

Noun

पत्नी • (patnī) f

1. wife

Synonyms

• (wife): बायको (bāyko)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পত্নী (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬢ᭄ᬦᬷ (Balinese script)
• পত্নী (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰝𑰿𑰡𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀦𑀻 (Brahmi script)
• ပတ္နီ (Burmese script)
• પત્ની (Gujarati script)
• ਪਤ੍ਨੀ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌤𑍍𑌨𑍀 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦠ꧀ꦤꦷ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂞𑂹𑂢𑂲 (Kaithi script)
• ಪತ್ನೀ (Kannada script)
• បត្នី (Khmer script)
• ປຕ຺ນີ (Lao script)
• പത്നീ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᢠᠨᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘝𑘿𑘡𑘲 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᢐᠨᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑦽𑧠𑧁𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐟𑑂𑐣𑐷 (Newa script)
• ପତ୍ନୀ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢡ꣄ꢥꢷ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆠𑇀𑆤𑆵 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖝𑖿𑖡𑖱 (Siddham script)
• පත‍්නී (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩫 𑪙𑩯𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚙𑚶𑚝𑚯 (Takri script)
• பத்நீ (Tamil script)
• పత్నీ (Telugu script)
• ปตฺนี (Thai script)
• པ་ཏྣཱི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒞𑓂𑒢𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨙𑩇𑨝𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pátniH (“wife, mistress”), from Proto-Indo-European *pótnih₂ (“wife”), feminine of *pótis (“husband, lord, master”). Cognate with Avestan *𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (*paθnī, attested in compounds), Ancient Greek πότνια (pótnia, “lady, mistress”), a title that was given to several goddesses.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ́t.niː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐt̪.n̪iː/

Noun

पत्नी • (pátnī) stem, f (masculine पति)

1. wife
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.46.7:

     देवानां पत्नीर्उशतीरवन्तु नः प्रावन्तु नस्तुजये वाजसातये ।
     याः पार्थिवासो या अपामपि व्रते ता नो देवीः सुहवाः शर्म यच्छत ॥

     devānāṃ patnīruśatīravantu naḥ prāvantu nastujaye vājasātaye.
     yāḥ pārthivāso yā apāmapi vrate tā no devīḥ suhavāḥ śarma yacchata.

     May the Gods’ Wives aid us of their own freewill, aid us to offspring and the winning of the spoil.
     Grant us protection, O ye gracious Goddesses, ye who are on the earth or in the waters' realm.

2. female possessor, mistress, Lady
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.61.4:

     अव स्यूमेव चिन्वती मघोन्युषा याति स्वसरस्य पत्नी ।
     स्वर्जनन्ती सुभगा सुदंसा आन्ताद्दिवः पप्रथ आ पृथिव्याः ॥

     ava syūmeva cinvatī maghonyuṣā yāti svasarasya patnī.
     svarjanantī subhagā sudaṃsā āntāddivaḥ papratha ā pṛthivyāḥ.

     Letting her reins drop downward, Morning cometh, the wealthy Dame, the Lady of the dwelling;
     Bringing forth light, the Wonderful, the Blessed hath spread her from the bounds of earth and heaven.

Declension

Feminine ī-stem declension of पत्नी (pátnī)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पत्नी pátnī	पत्न्यौ / पत्नी¹ pátnyau / pátnī¹	पत्न्यः / पत्नीः¹ pátnyaḥ / pátnīḥ¹
Vocative	पत्नि pátni	पत्न्यौ / पत्नी¹ pátnyau / pátnī¹	पत्न्यः / पत्नीः¹ pátnyaḥ / pátnīḥ¹
Accusative	पत्नीम् pátnīm	पत्न्यौ / पत्नी¹ pátnyau / pátnī¹	पत्नीः pátnīḥ
Instrumental	पत्न्या pátnyā	पत्नीभ्याम् pátnībhyām	पत्नीभिः pátnībhiḥ
Dative	पत्न्यै pátnyai	पत्नीभ्याम् pátnībhyām	पत्नीभ्यः pátnībhyaḥ
Ablative	पत्न्याः / पत्न्यै² pátnyāḥ / pátnyai²	पत्नीभ्याम् pátnībhyām	पत्नीभ्यः pátnībhyaḥ
Genitive	पत्न्याः / पत्न्यै² pátnyāḥ / pátnyai²	पत्न्योः pátnyoḥ	पत्नीनाम् pátnīnām
Locative	पत्न्याम् pátnyām	पत्न्योः pátnyoḥ	पत्नीषु pátnīṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (pattī)
• → Assamese: পত্নী (potni) (learned)
• → Bengali: পত্নী (potni) (learned)
• → Gujarati: પત્ની (patnī) (learned)
• → Hindustani: patnī (learned)

  Hindi: पत्नी

  Urdu: پتنی

• → Kannada: ಪತ್ನಿ (patni) (learned)
• → Malayalam: പത്നി (patni) (learned)
• → Marathi: पत्नी (patnī) (learned)
• → Nepali: पत्नी (patnī) (learned)
• → Odia: ପତ୍ନୀ (pôtni) (learned)
• → Punjabi: ਪਤਣੀ (patṇī) (learned)
• → Tamil: பத்தினி (pattiṉi) (learned)
• → Telugu: పత్ని (patni) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पत्नी”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 582/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 74-75