रुध्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰুধ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬸᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
• রুধ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰲𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀼𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ရုဓ် (Burmese script)
• રુધ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਰੁਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑍁𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦸꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂳𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ರುಧ್ (Kannada script)
• រុធ៑ (Khmer script)
• ຣຸຘ຺ (Lao script)
• രുധ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᡠᢡ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘳𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠤᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑧔𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐸𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
• ରୁଧ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢬꢸꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆶𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑗜𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
• රුධ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩒𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚰𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
• ருத்⁴ (Tamil script)
• రుధ్ (Telugu script)
• รุธฺ (Thai script)
• རུ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒳𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨃𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾudʱ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ɾud̪ʱ/

Etymology 1

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *lewdʰ- (“to obstruct”); compare Welsh arlludd (“obstacle”).

Alternative forms

• रोध् (rodh)

Root

रुध् • (rudh)

1. to obstruct, stop, arrest, check, oppose, hinder; impede, prevent
2. to hold up, preserve, sustain (from falling)
3. to shut up, lock or block up, close up, shut or close
4. to surround, fence or hem in
5. to bind, confine
6. to besiege, invest, blockade
7. to hide, cover, obscure, conceal
8. to oppress, torment, afflict excessively
9. (causative) to cause to stop, detain, impede, obstruct
10. to fetter, confine, chain
11. to oppress, torment, harass

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root रुध्‎ (0 c, 5 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• रुणद्धि (ruṇáddhi, Present)
• रुन्धति (rundhati, Present)
• रोधति (rodhati, Present)
• रोत्स्यति (rotsyáti, Future)
• रोद्धा (roddhā, Periphrastic Future)
• अरुधत् (árudhat, Aorist)
• अरौत्सीत् (árautsīt, Aorist)
• अरोत् (árot, Aorist)
• रुध्यात् (rudhyāt, Benedictive)
• रुरोध (ruródha, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• रुध्यते (rudhyáte, Passive)
• अरोधि (árodhi, Passive Aorist)
• रोधयति (rodhayati, Causative)
• रुन्धयति (rundhayati, Causative)
• अरूरुधत् (arūrudhat, Causative Aorist)
• रोध्यते (rodhyate, Passive of Causative)
• रुरुत्सति (rurutsati, Desiderative)
• रोरोद्धि (roroddhi, Intensive)
• रोरुध्यते (rorudhyate, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• रोद्धुम् (roddhum, Infinitive)
• रोधितुम् (rodhitum, Infinitive)
• रोद्धोस् (roddhos, Infinitive)
• रुद्ध्वा (ruddhvā, Gerund)
• रुध्य (rúdhya, Gerund)
• रुधम् (rúdham, Gerund)
• रोध्य (rodhya, Gerundive)
• रोद्धव्य (roddhavya, Gerundive)
• रुद्ध (ruddhá, Past Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

• रुध् (rudh)
• रोध (ródha)
• रोधक (rodhaka)
• रोधन (ródhana)
• रोधना (rodhanā́)
• रोधस् (ródhas)
• रोधिन् (rodhin)
• रोद्धृ (roddhṛ)

Prefixed Root Forms

• अनुरुध् (anurudh)
• अपरुध् (aparudh)
• अभिरुध् (abhirudh)
• अवरुध् (avarudh)
• आरुध् (ārudh)
• उद्रुध् (udrudh)
• उपरुध् (uparudh)
• निरुध् (nirudh)
• प्रतिरुध् (pratirudh)
• प्ररुध् (prarudh)
• विरुध् (virudh)
• संरुध् (saṃrudh)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Old English lēodan.

Alternative forms

• रुह् (ruh), रोध् (rodh)

Root

रुध् • (rudh)

1. to sprout, shoot, grow

Derived terms

• रुधतः (rudhataḥ)
• रुधत् (rudhat)
• रोधति (rodhati)
• विरोधत् (virodhat)

 

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “रुध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 884/1-2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 142-143
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 453; 467-9