शपथ

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शपथ (śapatha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃə.pət̪ʰ/, [ʃɐ.pɐt̪ʰ]

Noun

शपथ • (śapath) f (Urdu spelling شپتھ)

1. oath, asseveration

   Synonyms: क़सम (qasam), सौगंद (saugand), सौंह (sa͠uh)

   मैं गीता की शपथ खाता हूँ।

   ma͠i gītā kī śapath khātā hū̃.

   I swear by the Gita.

2. (rare) cursing, anathema, abuse, imprecation

Declension

Declension of शपथ (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शपथ śapath	शपथ śapath
oblique	शपथ śapath	शपथों śapathõ
vocative	शपथ śapath	शपथो śapatho

References

• Platts, John T. (1884) “शपथ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শপথ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬧᬣ (Balinese script)
• শপথ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰢𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀧𑀣 (Brahmi script)
• ၐပထ (Burmese script)
• શપથ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਪਥ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌪𑌥 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦥꦡ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂣𑂟 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಪಥ (Kannada script)
• ឝបថ (Khmer script)
• ຨປຖ (Lao script)
• ശപഥ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᢒᠠᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘢𑘞 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢒᠠᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧂𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐥𑐠 (Newa script)
• ଶପଥ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢦꢢ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆥𑆡 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖢𑖞 (Siddham script)
• ශපථ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩰𑩬 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚞𑚚 (Takri script)
• ஶபத² (Tamil script)
• శపథ (Telugu script)
• ศปถ (Thai script)
• ཤ་པ་ཐ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒣𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨞𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root शप् (śap, “to swear, curse”).

Noun

शपथ • (śapatha) stem, m

1. oath, vow
2. swear
3. scolding, curse
4. ordeal
5. reviling, anathema

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शपथ (śapatha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शपथः śapathaḥ	शपथौ / शपथा¹ śapathau / śapathā¹	शपथाः / शपथासः¹ śapathāḥ / śapathāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शपथ śapatha	शपथौ / शपथा¹ śapathau / śapathā¹	शपथाः / शपथासः¹ śapathāḥ / śapathāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शपथम् śapatham	शपथौ / शपथा¹ śapathau / śapathā¹	शपथान् śapathān
Instrumental	शपथेन śapathena	शपथाभ्याम् śapathābhyām	शपथैः / शपथेभिः¹ śapathaiḥ / śapathebhiḥ¹
Dative	शपथाय śapathāya	शपथाभ्याम् śapathābhyām	शपथेभ्यः śapathebhyaḥ
Ablative	शपथात् śapathāt	शपथाभ्याम् śapathābhyām	शपथेभ्यः śapathebhyaḥ
Genitive	शपथस्य śapathasya	शपथयोः śapathayoḥ	शपथानाम् śapathānām
Locative	शपथे śapathe	शपथयोः śapathayoḥ	शपथेषु śapatheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑀳 (savaha)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑀳 (savaha)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਸੌਂਹ (saũh), ਸਹੁੰ (sahũ)
• → Old Javanese: śapatha
  • > Javanese: ꦱꦥꦠ (sapata), ꦱꦼꦥꦠ (sepata), ꦱꦸꦥꦠ (supata), ꦱꦸꦥꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (supaos) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: sepata
• → Old Khmer: [script needed] (śapatha)
  • Khmer: ស្បថ (sbɑt)
• Pali: sapatha
• →Tatsama:

  • Bengali: শপথ (śopoth)
  • Hindi: शपथ (śapath)
  • Tamil: சபதம் (capatam)

References

• [1] definition from Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit