Translingual [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
冇 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂 +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大月 (KB ) or 難大月 (XKB ), four-corner 40227 , composition ⿸𠂇 冂 )
References [ edit ]
Kangxi Dictionary: not present , would follow page 128 , character 35
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 96, character 17
Unihan data for U+5187
Chinese [ edit ]
Glyph origin [ edit ]
From the removal of the two inner strokes from 有 (“to have”).
Attested at least since 1672, in 《星餘筆記》 by 王鉞 :
寧 俗 樸鄙 所 陳 牒訴 多 用 土俗 書 ,初見 駭愕 ,習閒 亦 各 有 義意 ,令 略記 數字 :……冇 ,音 茂 ,謂 無有 也 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 宁 俗 朴鄙 所 陈 牒诉 多 用 土俗 书 ,初见 骇愕 ,习闲 亦 各 有 义意 ,令 略记 数字 :……冇 ,音 茂 ,谓 无有 也 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: 清・王鉞《星餘筆記》Níng sú pǔbǐ suǒ chén diésù duō yòng tǔsú shū, chūjiàn hài'è, xíxián yì gè yǒu yìyì, lìng lüèjì shùzì:...... 冇 , yīn mào, wèi wúyǒu yě. [Pinyin] When filing pleas, peasants in the Ning county (西寧縣 , modern 鬱南縣 ) often use the local popular writing, it is peculiar when first seen, but when accustomed, each has its meaning, for example: [...] 冇 , sounds like 茂 , means "to not have".
Etymology 1 [ edit ]
From 無 (MC mju , “to not have”). In some varieties, such as Cantonese and Xiang, there seems to be fusion or analogy with 有 (MC hjuwX , “to have”) (Chan, 1998 ; Schuessler, 2007 ).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Note :
mǎo - conjected from Cantonese;
mǒu - directly from Cantonese.
Note :
mau5 - “have not; did not”;
mau6 - “to not have” (contraction of 冇得 ).
Definitions [ edit ]
冇
( dialectal Mandarin , Cantonese , dialectal Gan , Hakka , dialectal Wu , Xiang ) to not have ; to not exist
冇 理由 㗎 。 [Cantonese ] ― mou5 lei5 jau4 gaa3 . [Jyutping] ― Impossible.
( dialectal Mandarin , Cantonese , Xiang ) have not; did not (do something) ( indicating non-completion of a verb )
我 冇 同 佢 講 。 [Cantonese , trad. ] 我 冇 同 佢 讲 。 [Cantonese , simp. ] ngo5 mou5 tung4 keoi5 gong2 . [Jyutping] I did not tell him.
佢 幾 個 月 都 冇 嚟 。 [Cantonese , trad. ] 佢 几 个 月 都 冇 嚟 。 [Cantonese , simp. ] keoi5 gei2 go3 jyut6 dou1 mou5 lai4 . [Jyutping] He hasn't come for a few months.
( dialectal Cantonese , Nanning Pinghua ) not (negator)
Usage notes [ edit ]
Originally from Cantonese, many Mandarin speakers now understand the meaning of this character.
Synonyms [ edit ]
Dialectal synonyms of
沒有 (“to not have (+ noun)”)
[map]
Variety
Location
Words
Classical Chinese
無 , 無有
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
沒有
Mandarin
Beijing
沒有 , 沒
Taiwan
沒有 , 沒
Jinan
沒有 , 沒
Xi'an
沒有
Wuhan
冇得
Chengdu
沒得
Guilin
沒得
Yangzhou
不得 , 沒得
Hefei
沒
Malaysia
沒有 , 沒
Singapore
沒有 , 沒
Dagudi (Maliba)
不有
Reshuitang (Longling)
不有
Mae Salong (Lancang)
不有
Mae Sai (Tengchong)
不有
Cantonese
Guangzhou
冇 , 冇有
Hong Kong
冇
Taishan
冇
Hepu (Lianzhou)
冇有
Hepu (Shatian)
冇有
Beihai
冇 , 冇有
Beihai (Nankang)
冇
Beihai (Yingpan)
冇有
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
冇 , 冇有
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
冇 , 冇有
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
冇 , 冇有
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
冇
Penang (Guangfu)
冇
Singapore (Guangfu)
冇
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
冇
Móng Cái
冇 , 冇有
Gan
Nanchang
冒有 , 冇
Hakka
Meixian
無
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
無
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
無
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
無
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
無
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
無
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
無
Singapore (Dabu)
無
Huizhou
Jixi
沒
Jin
Taiyuan
沒 , 沒啦
Northern Min
Jian'ou
無
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
無
Singapore (Fuqing)
無
Sitiawan (Gutian)
無
Southern Min
Xiamen
無
Quanzhou
無
Zhangzhou
無
Zhao'an
無
Taipei
無
New Taipei (Sanxia)
無
Kaohsiung
無
Yilan
無
Changhua (Lukang)
無
Taichung
無
Tainan
無
Hsinchu
無
Kinmen
無
Penghu (Magong)
無
Penang (Hokkien)
無
Singapore (Hokkien)
無
Manila (Hokkien)
無
Chaozhou
無
Shantou
無
Shantou (Chaoyang)
無
Jieyang
無
Haifeng
無
Bangkok (Teochew)
無
Singapore (Teochew)
無
Batam (Teochew)
無
Pontianak (Teochew)
無
Wenchang
無
Qionghai
無
Singapore (Hainanese)
無
Zhongshan Min
Shaxi (Longdu)
無
Wu
Shanghai
嘸沒 , 嘸 dated
Suzhou
嘸不
Hangzhou
沒有
Hangzhou (Yuhang)
嘸不
Shaoxing
唔有
Ningbo
嘸沒 , 嘸 dated
Wenzhou
冇
Jinhua
嘸 , 嘸沒
Xiang
Changsha
冇得 , 冇
Shuangfeng
冇得
Dialectal synonyms of
不 (“not”)
[map]
Variety
Location
Words
Classical Chinese
不 , 弗 , 毋 , 勿 , 莫 , 否 , 未
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
不
Mandarin
Beijing
不
Taiwan
不
Tianjin
不
Chengde
不
Tangshan
不
Cangzhou
不
Baoding
不
Shijiazhuang
不
Chifeng
不
Hulunbuir (Hailar)
不
Heihe
不
Qiqihar
不
Harbin
不
Jiamusi
不
Baicheng
不
Changchun
不
Tonghua
不
Shenyang
不
Dandong
不
Jinzhou
不
Dalian
不
Yantai
不
Yantai (Muping)
不
Qingdao
不
Lijin
不
Zhucheng
不
Jinan
不
Luoyang
不
Wanrong
不
Shangqiu
不
Yuanyang
不
Zhengzhou
不
Lingbao
不
Xinyang
不
Baihe
不
Xi'an
不
Baoji
不
Yinchuan
不
Tianshui
不
Lanzhou
不
Dunhuang
不
Xining
不
Hami
不
Ürümqi
不
Wuhan
不
Yichang
不
Xiangyang
不
Tianmen
不
Hong'an
不
Chengdu
不
Nanchong
不
Dazhou
不
Hanyuan
不
Xichang
不
Zigong
不
Chongqing
不
Guiyang
不
Zunyi
不
Bijie
不
Zhaotong
不
Dali
不
Kunming
不
Mengzi
不
Guilin
不
Liuzhou
沒 , 不
Changde
不
Anqing
不
Xuzhou
不
Fuyang
不
Wuhu
不
Yangzhou
不
Lianyungang
不
Lianshui
不
Nanjing
不
Hefei
不
Nantong
不
Malaysia
不
Singapore
不
Cantonese
Guangzhou
唔
Hong Kong
唔
Macau
唔
Taishan
唔
Dongguan
唔
Yangjiang
無
Hepu (Lianzhou)
冇
Hepu (Shatian)
冇
Beihai
冇
Beihai (Nankang)
冇
Beihai (Yingpan)
冇
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
冇
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
冇
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
冇
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
唔
Singapore (Guangfu)
唔
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
唔
Móng Cái
冇
Gan
Nanchang
不
Lichuan
不
Pingxiang
毋
Jianning
唔
Hakka
Meixian
唔
Xingning
唔
Huidong (Daling)
唔
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
唔
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
唔
Changting
唔
Shanghang
唔
Wuping
唔
Wuping (Pingyu)
唔
Liancheng
唔
Ninghua
唔 , 不
Qingliu
唔
Yudu
唔
Ruijin
唔
Shicheng
唔
Shangyou (Shexi)
唔
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
毋
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
毋
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
毋
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
毋
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
毋
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
毋
Huizhou
Jixi
不
Shexian
不
Jin
Taiyuan
不
Yangyuan
不
Datong
不
Xinzhou
不
Lishi
不
Linfen
不
Changzhi
不
Linhe
不
Jining
不
Hohhot
不
Erenhot
不
Pingshan
不
Zhangjiakou
不
Handan
不
Linzhou
不
Suide
不
Northern Min
Jian'ou
伓 , 𣍐
Songxi
唔 , 𣍐
Zhenghe
唔 , 𣍐
Pucheng (Shibei)
伓 , 𣍐
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
伓 , 𣍐
Changle
伓 , 𣍐
Lianjiang
伓 , 𣍐
Fuqing
伓 , 𣍐
Pingtan
伓 , 𣍐
Yongtai
伓 , 𣍐
Minqing
伓 , 𣍐
Gutian
伓 , 𣍐
Pingnan
伓 , 𣍐
Luoyuan
伓 , 𣍐
Fu'an
伓 , 𣍐
Ningde
伓 , 𣍐
Xiapu
伓 , 𣍐
Zherong
伓 , 𣍐
Shouning
伓 , 𣍐
Zhouning
伓 , 𣍐
Fuding
伓 , 𣍐
Matsu
伓 , 𣍐
Southern Min
Xiamen
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Xiamen (Tong'an)
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Quanzhou
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Jinjiang
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Nan'an
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Shishi
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Hui'an
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Anxi
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Yongchun
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Dehua
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Zhangzhou
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Zhangzhou (Longhai)
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Zhangzhou (Changtai)
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Hua'an
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Nanjing
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Pinghe
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Zhangpu
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Yunxiao
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Zhao'an
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Dongshan
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Taipei
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Kaohsiung
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Tainan
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Kinmen
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Penang (Hokkien)
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Singapore (Hokkien)
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Manila (Hokkien)
毋 , 𣍐 , 無
Datian
毋 , 𣍐
Chaozhou
唔 , 𣍐 , 無
Shantou
唔 , 𣍐 , 無
Jieyang
唔
Haifeng
唔
Singapore (Teochew)
唔 , 𣍐 , 無
Batam (Teochew)
唔 , 𣍐 , 無
Pontianak (Teochew)
唔
Leizhou
伓
Wenchang
無
Haikou
無
Singapore (Hainanese)
無
Puxian Min
Putian
伓 , 𣍐
Xianyou
伓 , 𣍐
Central Min
Yong'an
伓 , 𣍐
Shaxian
伓 , 𣍐
Shaojiang Min
Shaowu
冒 , 唔
Guangze
唔
Jiangle
唔
Mingxi
唔
Southern Pinghua
Nanning (Tingzi)
冇
Wu
Shanghai
勿
Shanghai (Chongming)
弗 , 勿
Suzhou
弗
Wuxi
弗
Danyang
弗
Hangzhou
不
Ningbo
勿 , 嘸沒
Wenzhou
不
Lishui
弗
Qingyuan
否
Jinhua
弗
Xiang
Changsha
不 , 唔
Loudi
不
Shuangfeng
不
Compounds [ edit ]
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
Compare Saek [script needed] ( phoongC2 , “ hollow; hole (in a tree, bamboo) ” ) , Proto-Bahnaric *pɔːŋ ( “ hollow; flattened ” ) (Schuessler, 2007 ).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Definitions [ edit ]
冇
( Min , Hakka ) empty ; hollow ; spongy ; not sturdy
冇 柴 [Hokkien ] ― phàⁿ -chhâ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī ] ― porous wood
( Min , Hakka ) unreliable ; undependable ; casual
( Southern Min ) extravagant ; generous
冇 手 [Hokkien ] ― phàⁿ -chhiú [Pe̍h-ōe-jī ] ― generous
( Hakka ) insufficient ; lacking
Etymology 3 [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Definitions [ edit ]
冇
( Cantonese ) Contraction of 唔好 ( m4 hou2 , “ don't ” ) .
冇 煩 我 !/ 冇 烦 我 ! [Cantonese ] ― mou2 faan4 ngo5 ! [Jyutping] ― Don't annoy me!
Synonyms [ edit ]
Dialectal synonyms of
別 (“do not”)
[map]
Variety
Location
Words
Classical Chinese
勿 , 莫1 , 毋 , 無
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
別 , 不要 , 別要 chiefly Hong Kong
Mandarin
Beijing
別 , 別價
Taiwan
別 , 不要
Harbin
別
Yantai (Muping)
別
Jinan
別 , 別價 , 甭價 , 不要
Luoyang
嫑 , 甭1 , 休
Wanrong
嫑 , 不要
Xi'an
嫑 , 不敢
Lanzhou
不要
Xining
嫑
Ürümqi
嫑
Wuhan
莫1 , 不
Chengdu
莫1 , 不要 , 嫑
Guiyang
不要
Guilin
莫1
Liuzhou
莫1 , 莫要
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)
莫1
Xuzhou
嫑 , 休
Yangzhou
莫1 , 不要
Nanjing
不要
Hefei
別 , 不要
Malaysia
不要
Singapore
不要
Cantonese
Guangzhou
咪 , 咪個 , 唔好
Hong Kong
咪 , 唔好 , 冇
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
唔好
Macau
唔要
Foshan (Shunde)
咪
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
咪
Zhuhai (Doumen)
唔好
Taishan
唔好
Kaiping (Chikan)
唔好
Dongguan
咪 , 唔好
Shaoguan
咪
Yunfu
咪 , 唔好
Yangjiang
莫1 , 無好
Xinyi
毛
Lianjiang
冇
Nanning
冇要
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
咪
Singapore (Guangfu)
咪 , 唔好
Gan
Nanchang
莫1
Lichuan
毋要 , 不要
Pingxiang
不要
Hakka
Meixian
莫1 , 毋愛 , 毋好
Xingning
毋愛
Huidong (Daling)
毋好
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
毋好
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
毋好
Changting
毋要
Liancheng
毋要
Ninghua
毋要
Yudu
毋要 , 毋敢
Ruijin
毋要
Shicheng
毋要
Shangyou (Shexi)
毋要
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
毋好
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
毋好
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
毋好
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
毋好
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
毋好
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
毋好
Hong Kong
毋好
Sabah (Longchuan)
毋愛
Senai (Huiyang)
毋好
Kuching (Hepo)
唔愛
Huizhou
Jixi
不要 , 嫑
Shexian
不要 , 嫑
Tunxi
不要 , 嫑
Jin
Taiyuan
不要 , 不敢
Xinzhou
不要 , 嫑 , 播
Northern Min
Jian'ou
伓敢 , 伓讓 , 毋
Pucheng (Shibei)
伓敢
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
伓通 , 毋
Fuqing
伓通
Matsu
毋
Southern Min
Xiamen
毋通 , 毋愛 , 莫2 , 𱰠 , 莫用
Quanzhou
毋通 , 毋愛 , 甭2 , 莫用
Zhangzhou
毋通 , 莫2 , 甭2 , 𱰠 , 莫用
Zhao'an
孬
Taipei
莫2
New Taipei (Sanxia)
莫去
Kaohsiung
莫2
Yilan
毋通 , 莫2
Changhua (Lukang)
莫2
Tainan
莫2 , 甭2
Penang (Hokkien)
莫2 , 毋通 , 甭2
Singapore (Hokkien)
莫2 , 毋通 , 甭2
Manila (Hokkien)
毋通 , 甭2
Pingnan (Shangdu)
別
Chaozhou
孬 , 莫2
Shantou
孬 , 莫2
Shantou (Chaoyang)
莫2
Haifeng
莫2
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)
孬
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
孬
Penang (Teochew)
莫2
Singapore (Teochew)
莫2 , 孬
Leizhou
無地
Haikou
無用 , 莫2 , 無莫
Qionghai
無用
Singapore (Hainanese)
無用
Southern Pinghua
Nanning (Tingzi)
冇要
Wu
Shanghai
勿要 , 𧟰
Shanghai (Chongming)
拗
Suzhou
𧟰
Wuxi
𧟰
Haimen
拗 , 拗要 , 弗要
Danyang
弗要 , 𫸻
Hangzhou
嫑
Hangzhou (Yuhang)
弗要 , 消 , 𧟰
Ningbo
莫 , 甮
Wenzhou
𧟰
Lishui
⿰毋樂
Qingyuan
⿰否樂
Jinhua
𫸻 , 弗要 , 弗用
Xiang
Changsha
莫1 , 不要
Loudi
不要 , 莫1
Shuangfeng
莫1
Quanzhou
別
See also [ edit ]
Etymology 4 [ edit ]
From etymology 1, with rising intonation.
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Definitions [ edit ]
冇
( Cantonese , uncommon or dated ) Used at the end of questions to ask if one has done something yet.
Synonym: 未 ( mei6 )
食 咗 飯 冇 ?/ 食 咗 饭 冇 ? [Cantonese ] ― sik6 zo2 faan6 mou2 ? [Jyutping] ― Have you eaten?
(Can we date this quote?) , 郊遊前 準備好 聯繫方法要知道 , 通訊事務管理局 [Communications Authority ]:
我哋 收到 喇 ,你 又 收到 冇 ? [Cantonese , trad. and simp. ] ngo5 dei6 sau1 dou3-2 laa3 , nei5 jau6 sau1 dou3-2 mou2 ? [Jyutping] We've received it. What about you?
References [ edit ]
Vietnamese [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
冇 : Hán Nôm readings: mậu
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation , then remove the text {{rfdef }}
.