surname | clan name; maiden name | spring and autumn; the four seasons | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
trad. (呂氏春秋) | 呂 | 氏 | 春秋 | |
simp. (吕氏春秋) | 吕 | 氏 | 春秋 |
Named after Qin politician 呂不韋.
Rime | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Character | 呂 | 氏 | 春 | 秋 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 常 (25) | 昌 (24) | 清 (14) |
Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 支 (11) | 諄 (47) | 尤 (136) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
Fanqie | 力舉切 | 承紙切 | 昌脣切 | 七由切 |
Baxter | ljoX | dzyeX | tsyhwin | tshjuw |
Reconstructions | ||||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lɨʌX/ | /d͡ʑiᴇX/ | /t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ | /t͡sʰɨu/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/liɔX/ | /d͡ʑiɛX/ | /t͡ɕʰʷin/ | /t͡sʰiu/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/liɔX/ | /d͡ʑjɛX/ | /t͡ɕʰjuen/ | /t͡sʰiəu/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɨə̆X/ | /d͡ʑiə̆X/ | /cʰwin/ | /t͡sʰuw/ |
Li Rong |
/liɔX/ | /ʑieX/ | /t͡ɕʰiuĕn/ | /t͡sʰiu/ |
Wang Li |
/lĭoX/ | /ʑǐeX/ | /t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/ | /t͡sʰĭəu/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/li̯woX/ | /ʑie̯X/ | /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/ | /t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lǚ | shì | chūn | qiū |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
leoi5 | si6 | ceon1 | cau1 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Character | 呂 | 氏 | 春 | 秋 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lǚ | shì | chūn | qiū |
Middle Chinese |
‹ ljoX › | ‹ dzyeX › | ‹ tsyhwin › | ‹ tshjuw › |
Old Chinese |
/*[r]aʔ/ | /*k.deʔ/ | /*tʰun/ | /*tsʰiw/ |
English | spine; pitch-pipe | clan | springtime | autumn; crop |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Character | 呂 | 氏 | 春 | 秋 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
No. | 8579 | 11523 | 12573 | 10537 |
Phonetic component |
呂 | 氏 | 屯 | 秋 |
Rime group |
魚 | 支 | 文 | 幽 |
Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Corresponding MC rime |
吕 | 是 | 春 | 秋 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɡ·raʔ/ | /*ɡjeʔ/ | /*tʰjun/ | /*sʰɯw/ |
Notes | 甲金文象鑄青銅器用的鋌塊, 中不連,非膂初文 |
甲金文象人俯伏手臂下據着地(右下菱形象封土, 指胙土命氏,金文省爲圓點),以表對氏族份地的禮敬, 後轉註爲坁祇, 非乁聲 |
說文從艸從日屯聲, 實屯繁化轉註字 |
呂氏春秋