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Chinese [ edit ]
already; to stop; then
already; to stop; then; afterwards
and; as well as; but (not)
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)
simp. and trad. (已而 )
已
而
anagram
而已
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Rime
Character
已
已
而
Reading #
1/2
2/2
1/1
Initial (聲 )
以 (36)
以 (36)
日 (38)
Final (韻 )
之 (19)
之 (19)
之 (19)
Tone (調 )
Rising (X)
Departing (H)
Level (Ø)
Openness (開合 )
Open
Open
Open
Division (等 )
III
III
III
Fanqie
羊 己 切
羊 吏 切
如 之 切
Baxter
yiX
yiH
nyi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang
/jɨX /
/jɨH /
/ȵɨ /
Pan Wuyun
/jɨX /
/jɨH /
/ȵɨ /
Shao Rongfen
/ieX /
/ieH /
/ȵʑie /
Edwin Pulleyblank
/jɨX /
/jɨH /
/ȵɨ /
Li Rong
/iəX /
/iəH /
/ȵiə /
Wang Li
/jĭəX /
/jĭəH /
/ȵʑĭə /
Bernard Karlgren
/iX /
/iH /
/ȵʑi /
Expected Mandarin Reflex
yǐ
yì
ér
Expected Cantonese Reflex
ji5
ji6
ji4
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
已
而
Reading #
1/1
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
yǐ
ér
Middle Chinese
‹ yiX ›
‹ nyi ›
Old Chinese
/*ɢ(r)əʔ/
/*nə/
English
cease; already
and, but
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
已
而
Reading #
1/1
1/1
No.
14924
2720
Phonetic component
已
而
Rime group
之
之
Rime subdivision
0
0
Corresponding MC rime
以
而
Old Chinese
/*lɯʔ/
/*njɯ/
Notes
巳 轉 註 字
已而
( Classical ) soon ; before long
已而
( Classical ) forget it ; let it be
Synonym: 算了 ( suànle )
楚 狂 接 輿 歌 而 過 孔子 曰 :「鳳 兮 !鳳 兮 !何 德 之 衰 ?往 者 不可 諫 ,來 者 猶 可 追 。已而 ,已而 !今 之 從政者 殆 而 !」 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 楚 狂 接 舆 歌 而 过 孔子 曰 :「凤 兮 !凤 兮 !何 德 之 衰 ?往 者 不可 谏 ,来 者 犹 可 追 。已而 ,已而 !今 之 从政者 殆 而 !」 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: The Analects of Confucius , c. 475 – 221 BCE , translated based on James Legge 's versionChǔ kuáng Jiē Yú gē ér guò kǒngzǐ yuē: “Fèng xī! Fèng xī! Hé dé zhī shuāi? Wǎng zhě bùkě jiàn, lái zhě yóu kě zhuī. Yǐ'ér , yǐ'ér ! Jīn zhī cóngzhèngzhě dài ér!” [Pinyin] The madman of Chu, Jie Yu, passed by Confucius, singing and saying, "O Feng! O Feng! How is your virtue degenerated! As to the past, reproof is useless; but the future may still be provided against. Give up your vain pursuit. Give up your vain pursuit. Peril awaits those who now engage in affairs of government."