方針

See also: 方针

Chinese

		square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just	needle; pin; injection
trad. (方針)		方	針
simp. (方针)		方	针

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 方(ほう)針(しん) (hōshin).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fāngzhēn

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤ ㄓㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong¹ zam¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fông-chṳ̂m
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hong-cham / hong-chiam

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang¹ zam¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fāngzhēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ ㄓㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fangjhen
    • Wade–Giles: fang¹-chên¹
    • Yale: fāng-jēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fangjen
    • Palladius: фанчжэнь (fančžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fong¹ zam¹
    • Yale: fōng jām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong¹ dzam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong¹ zem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông-chṳ̂m
    • Hakka Romanization System: fong´ ziim´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fong¹ zim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨm²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-cham
    • Tâi-lô: hong-tsam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hongzafm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ t͡sam³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-chiam
    • Tâi-lô: hong-tsiam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hongciafm
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siam⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang¹ zam¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang tsam
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sam³³/

Noun

方針

1. policy (principle of behaviour expressed by a government or other authoritative body); guiding principle (Classifier: 個／个 m; 項／项 m)

   經營方針／经营方针  ―  jīngyíng fāngzhēn  ―  management policy

Synonyms

• 政策 (zhèngcè)
• 方略 (fānglüè)
• 決策／决策 (juécè)

 

Derived terms

• 方針政策／方针政策 (fāngzhēn zhèngcè)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
方	針
ほう Grade: 2	しん Grade: 6
on’yomi

Etymology

方 (“direction”) +‎ 針 (“needle”), another name for the 磁針 (jishin, “magnetic needle”), with the meaning figuratively extending to "guidance" in general.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ほーしん [hòóshíń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ho̞ːɕĩɴ]

Noun

方(ほう)針(しん) • (hōshin) ^{←はうしん (fausin)?}

1. Synonym of 磁針 (jishin, “magnetic needle”)
2. policy, course, plan

   どのような方(ほう)針(しん)によるものなのですか？

   Dono yō na hōshin ni yoru mono na no desu ka?

   According to what plan has it been carried out?

Derived terms

• 施(し)政(せい)方(ほう)針(しん) (shisei hōshin)

Descendants

• → Chinese: 方針／方针 (fāngzhēn)
• → Korean: 방침(方針) (bangchim)
• → Vietnamese: phương châm

Korean

Hanja in this term
方	針

Noun

方針 • (bangchim) (hangeul 방침)

1. Hanja form^? of 방침.

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
方	針

Noun

方針

1. chữ Hán form of phương châm (“the main spirit or essence of a policy”).