砍

砍 U+780D, 砍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-780D ← 砌 [U+780C] CJK Unified Ideographs 砎 → [U+780E]

Translingual

Han character

砍 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口弓人 (MRNO), four-corner 1768₂, composition ⿰石欠)

Derived characters

• 𥔩, 𥕔

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 828, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24063
• Dae Jaweon: page 1242, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2421, character 4
• Unihan data for U+780D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		砍
alternative forms		𣢈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (欠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
坎	*kʰoːmʔ, *kʰoːms
扻	*kʰoːmʔ
砍	*kʰoːmʔ
芡	*ɡromʔ
欠	*kʰoms
杴	*qʰom
鍁	*qʰam

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːmʔ) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 欠 (OC *kʰoms).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): kǎn (kan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kan³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham²

• Jin (Wiktionary): kan²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khám

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan³
    • Yale: kǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
    • Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: kan³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰan⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ham²
    • Yale: hám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm³⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: kan²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰxæ̃⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khám
    • Tâi-lô: khám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qarm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰam⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴¹/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	砍
Reading #	1/1
No.	10271
Phonetic component	欠
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	坎
Old Chinese	/*kʰoːmʔ/
Notes	扻後起字，亦作坎，金代後作砍

Definitions

砍

1. to hack; to chop; to cut; to fell

   砍伐  ―  kǎnfá  ―  to cut down

2. to reduce; to weaken

   砍價／砍价  ―  kǎnjià  ―  to reduce prices

3. (dialect) to throw in order to hit
4. Same as 侃 (kǎn) to chat
5. a surname: Kan

Synonyms

• (to hack):

Dialectal synonyms of 砍 (“to chop; to hack”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		砍
Mandarin	Beijing	砍
	Taiwan	砍
	Jinan	砍
	Xi'an	砍
	Wuhan	砍, 剁
	Chengdu	砍
	Guilin	砍
	Yangzhou	砍, 㓠
	Hefei	砍
	Singapore	砍, 斬
Cantonese	Guangzhou	斬
	Hong Kong	斬
	Yangjiang	并
	Beihai	斬
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	斬
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	斬
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	斬
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	斬
	Singapore (Guangfu)	斬
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	斬
	Móng Cái	斬
Gan	Nanchang	砍, 剁
Hakka	Meixian	斬, 砍
Jin	Taiyuan	砍
Northern Min	Jian'ou	砍, 斫
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	剉, 鍘
Southern Min	Xiamen	鏨, 砍, 斲
	Quanzhou	鏨, 斲
	Zhangzhou	鏨, 斲
	Taipei	鏨
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	鏨
	Kaohsiung	鏨
	Yilan	鏨
	Changhua (Lukang)	鏨
	Taichung	鏨, 斲
	Tainan	鏨
	Hsinchu	鏨, 斲
	Kinmen	鏨
	Penghu (Magong)	鏨
	Penang (Hokkien)	鏨
	Singapore (Hokkien)	斲, 斬
	Manila (Hokkien)	鏨
	Chaozhou	斬, 斲
	Shantou	斬
	Jieyang	斬, 斲
	Singapore (Teochew)	斲
	Pontianak (Teochew)	斬
Wu	Suzhou	㔍
	Wenzhou	剉, 剁
Xiang	Changsha	砍, 剁
	Shuangfeng	剁, 砍

• (to reduce):

• 削 (literary, or in compounds)
• 削減／削减 (xuējiǎn)
• 壓縮／压缩 (yāsuō)
• 損／损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 撤 (chè)
• 收縮／收缩 (shōusuō)
• 消減／消减 (xiāojiǎn)
• 減低／减低 (jiǎndī)
• 減少／减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
• 減損／减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
• 減輕／减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
• 省卻／省却 (shěngquè)
• 緊縮／紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
• 縮減／缩减 (suōjiǎn)
• 耗
• 裁 (cái)
• 裁汰 (cáitài) (literary)
• 裁減／裁减 (cáijiǎn)
• 鐫汰／镌汰 (juāntài) (literary)
• 降低 (jiàngdī)

 

Compounds

• 刀切斧砍
• 披砍
• 砍伐 (kǎnfá)
• 砍倒 (kǎndǎo)
• 砍傷／砍伤
• 砍價／砍价 (kǎnjià)
• 砍刀
• 砍大山 (kǎndàshān)
• 砍手
• 砍斷／砍断 (kǎnduàn)
• 砍木
• 砍柴 (kǎnchái)
• 砍殺／砍杀 (kǎnshā)
• 砍瓜切菜
• 砍鐵如泥／砍铁如泥
• 砍頭／砍头 (kǎntóu)
• 砍頭癰／砍头痈
• 老砍頭／老砍头

 

References

• “砍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

砍

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• On: きん (kin)
• Kun: きる (kiru, 砍る)

Vietnamese

Han character

砍: Hán Nôm readings: khảm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.