諷刺

See also: 讽刺 and 風刺

Chinese

		satirize	thorn; sting; prick thorn; sting; prick; pierce; stab; thrust; assassinate; murder
trad. (諷刺)		諷	刺
simp. (讽刺)		讽	刺
alternative forms		風刺／风刺

Etymology

Attestable from at least the Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589). In modern Chinese, popularised as reborrowed from Japanese 諷刺(ふうし) (fūshi).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fěngcì, fèngcì

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˇ ㄘˋ, ㄈㄥˋ ㄘˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fung³ ci³, fung² ci³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hóng-chhì / hong-chhì

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hong³ ceng³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fěngcì
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˇ ㄘˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǒngcìh
    • Wade–Giles: fêng³-tzʻŭ⁴
    • Yale: fěng-tsz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feengtsyh
    • Palladius: фэнцы (fɛncy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fèngcì
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˋ ㄘˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fòngcìh
    • Wade–Giles: fêng⁴-tzʻŭ⁴
    • Yale: fèng-tsz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenqtsyh
    • Palladius: фэнцы (fɛncy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fung³ ci³, fung² ci³
    • Yale: fung chi, fúng chi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fung³ tsi³, fung² tsi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fung³ qi³, fung² qi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ³³ t͡sʰiː³³/, /fʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰiː³³/

Note: fung2 ci3 - variant.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng-chhì
    • Tâi-lô: hóng-tshì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hofngchix
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-chhì
    • Tâi-lô: hong-tshì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hongchix
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ t͡sʰi⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi¹¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hong³ ceng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hòng tshṳ̀ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰɯŋ²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjuwngH tshjeH

Rime
Character	諷	刺
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	方鳳切	七賜切
Baxter	pjuwngH	tshjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuŋH/	/t͡sʰiᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/piuŋH/	/t͡sʰiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/piuŋH/	/t͡sʰjɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwŋH/	/t͡sʰiə̆H/
Li Rong	/piuŋH/	/t͡sʰieH/
Wang Li	/pĭuŋH/	/t͡sʰǐeH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uŋH/	/t͡sʰie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèng	cì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung3	ci3

Verb

諷刺

1. (transitive) to satirise; to mock; to ridicule (using indirect language)
2. (literary) to advise in a mild and indirect manner

Synonyms

• 作弄 (zuònòng)
• 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
• 刺 (literary, or in compounds)
• 刺溪 (chié-*kă̤) (Eastern Min)
• 創弄／创弄 (Hokkien)
• 創景／创景 (Hokkien)
• 創治／创治 (chhòng-tī) (Hokkien)
• 剾損／𠛅损 (Hokkien)
• 剾洗／𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Hokkien)
• 剾洗／𠛅洗 (Hokkien)
• 剾褻／𠛅亵 (Hokkien)
• 𠢕滾／𠢕滚 (Hokkien)
• 取樂／取乐 (qǔlè)
• 取笑 (qǔxiào)
• 呾笑話／呾笑话 (Teochew)
• 呾耍笑 (Teochew)
• 嗤笑 (chīxiào)
• 嘲弄 (cháonòng)
• 嘲笑 (cháoxiào)
• 嘲訕／嘲讪 (cháoshàn)
• 嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
• 嘲謔／嘲谑 (cháoxuè)
• 奚落 (xīluò)
• 尋開心／寻开心 (⁶zhin-khe-shin) (Wu)
• 巴銳／巴锐 (Hokkien)
• 恥笑／耻笑 (chǐxiào)
• 戲弄／戏弄 (xìnòng)
• 戲謔／戏谑 (xìxuè)
• 挖苦 (wākǔ)
• 捉弄 (zhuōnòng)
• 損／损 (sǔn) (colloquial)
• 撩 (Hakka)
• 撚化 (nan² faa³) (Cantonese)
• 撮弄 (cuōnòng) (literary)
• 擺弄／摆弄
• 消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
• 湊趣／凑趣 (còuqù)
• 𤊶人 (Hakka)
• 玩 (colloquial)
• 玩弄
• 笑 (xiào)
• 笑話／笑话 (xiàohuà)
• 耍 (shuǎ)
• 耍弄 (shuǎnòng)
• 耍忽 (sua² huah⁴) (Jin)
• 落八 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 見笑／见笑 (jiànxiào)
• 訕笑／讪笑 (shànxiào)
• 詼謔／诙谑 (huīxuè)
• 說風涼話／说风凉话 (shuō fēngliánghuà)
• 調笑／调笑 (tiáoxiào)
• 諦／谛 (dai³) (Cantonese)
• 謔潲／谑潲 (Hokkien)
• 謔燒／谑烧 (Hokkien)
• 講笑／讲笑 (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien)
• 講耍笑／讲耍笑 (Hokkien)
• 譏刺／讥刺 (jīcì)
• 譏嘲／讥嘲 (jīcháo)
• 譏笑／讥笑 (jīxiào)
• 譏誚／讥诮 (jīqiào) (literary)
• 譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
• 變弄／变弄 (Hokkien)
• 𧮙 (Wu)
• 起鬨／起哄 (qǐhòng)
• 輕體／轻体 (Hokkien)
• 逗 (dòu)
• 逗弄
• 鄙笑 (Hokkien)
• 酸笑 (Hokkien)
• 鈍／钝 (Wu)
• 開心／开心 (kāixīn)
• 開涮／开涮 (kāishuàn) (colloquial)
• 開玩笑／开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
• 鬧玩笑／闹玩笑 (nào wánxiào)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
諷	刺
ふう Hyōgaiji	し Grade: S
goon	on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 諷刺 – see the following entry.

【風刺ふうし】 [noun] satire [noun] irony; sarcasm [verb] to satirize

(This term, 諷刺, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
諷	刺

Noun

諷刺 • (pungja) (hangeul 풍자)

1. Hanja form^? of 풍자 (“satire; sarcasm”).