遊ぶ

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Japanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
遊
あそ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *asonpu.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "遊ぶ"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		遊ぶ あそぶ [àsóbú]
Imperative (命令形) 遊べ あそべ [àsóbé]
Key constructions
Passive 遊ばれる あそばれる [àsóbárérú]
Causative 遊ばせる あそばせる [àsóbásérú]
Potential 遊べる あそべる [àsóbérú]
Volitional 遊ぼう あそぼ​ー [àsóbóꜜò]
Negative 遊ばない あそばない [àsóbánáí]
Negative perfective 遊ばなかった あそばな​かった [àsóbánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 遊びます あそびま​す [àsóbímáꜜsù]
Perfective 遊んだ あそんだ [àsóńdá]
Conjunctive 遊んで あそんで [àsóńdé]
Hypothetical conditional 遊べば あそべ​ば [àsóbéꜜbà]

Verb[edit]

遊(あそ)ぶ • (asobu) intransitive godan (stem 遊(あそ)び (asobi), past 遊(あそ)んだ (asonda))

  1. play, amuse oneself, enjoy oneself
  2. spend one's time idle, do nothing
  3. for an item not to be in use, be spare or idle

Usage notes[edit]

Unlike "play" in English, this term is applied to both children and adults. (This leads to usage errors such as "I enjoy playing with my girlfriend on weekends.") It is used broadly for any enjoyable activity such as socializing.

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of "遊ぶ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 遊ば あそば asoba
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 遊び あそび asobi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 遊ぶ あそぶ asobu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 遊ぶ あそぶ asobu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 遊べ あそべ asobe
Meireikei ("imperative") 遊べ あそべ asobe
Key constructions
Passive 遊ばれる あそばれる asobareru
Causative 遊ばせる
遊ばす 		あそばせる
あそばす 		asobaseru
asobasu
Potential 遊べる あそべる asoberu
Volitional 遊ぼう あそぼう asobō
Negative 遊ばない あそばない asobanai
Negative continuative 遊ばず あそばず asobazu
Formal 遊びます あそびます asobimasu
Perfective 遊んだ あそんだ asonda
Conjunctive 遊んで あそんで asonde
Hypothetical conditional 遊べば あそべば asobeba
Classical conjugation of "遊ぶ" (バ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 遊ば あそば asoba
Continuative (連用形) 遊び あそび asobi
Terminal (終止形) 遊ぶ あそぶ asobu
Attributive (連体形) 遊ぶ あそぶ asobu
Realis (已然形) 遊べ あそべ asobe
Imperative (命令形) 遊べ あそべ asobe
Key constructions
Negative 遊ばず あそばず asobazu
Contrasting conjunction 遊べど あそべど asobedo
Causal conjunction 遊べば あそべば asobeba
Conditional conjunction 遊ばば あそばば asobaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 遊びき あそびき asobiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 遊びけり あそびけり asobikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 遊びつ あそびつ asobitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 遊びぬ あそびぬ asobinu
Perfect-continuative tense 遊べり
遊びたり		 あそべり
あそびたり		 asoberi
asobitari
Volitional 遊ばむ あそばむ asobamu

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ “遊”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  4. ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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