馨

See also: 䅽 and 馫

馨 U+99A8, 馨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-99A8 ← 馧 [U+99A7] CJK Unified Ideographs 馩 → [U+99A9]

Translingual

Han character

馨 (Kangxi radical 186, 香+11, 20 strokes, cangjie input 土水竹木日 (GEHDA), four-corner 4760₉, composition ⿱殸香)

1. fragrant, aromatic

Derived characters

• 𧅥

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1429, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44559
• Dae Jaweon: page 1956, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4425, character 8
• Unihan data for U+99A8

Chinese

trad.		馨
simp. #		馨
alternative forms		䅽 馫 𡄈 𪐕

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (殸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
殸	*kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs
聲	*qʰjeŋ
謦	*kʰeːŋʔ, *kʰeːŋs
磬	*kʰeːŋs
罄	*kʰeːŋs
馨	*qʰeːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰeːŋ) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 香 (“sweet”).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Why doesn't the Mandarin reading end in -ng?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xīn, xīng (xin¹, xing¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ, ㄒㄧㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hing¹
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hin¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): heng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹shin / ¹chin

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sin
    • Wade–Giles: hsin¹
    • Yale: syīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
    • Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sing
    • Wade–Giles: hsing¹
    • Yale: syīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shing
    • Palladius: син (sin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hing¹
    • Yale: hīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɪŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hin⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heng
    • Tâi-lô: hing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hefng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hêng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: heng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ¹shin
    • MiniDict: shin^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɕin⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɕin³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɕiŋ⁵²/
  • (Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹chin
    • MiniDict: chin^平
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕʰin³³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: xeng

Rime
Character	馨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	呼刑切
Baxter	xeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/heŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/heŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/xeŋ/
Wang Li	/xieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hing1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤeŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰeːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ xeng ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁeŋ/
English	fragrance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馨
Reading #	1/1
No.	10520
Phonetic component	殸
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	馨
Old Chinese	/*qʰeːŋ/

Definitions

馨

1. (literary) spread out fragrance; fragrant
2. (literary, figurative) widespread renown and reputation

Compounds

• 垂馨千祀
• 寧馨／宁馨
• 寧馨兒／宁馨儿
• 康乃馨 (kāngnǎixīn)
• 明德惟馨
• 清馨 (qīngxīn)
• 溫馨／温馨 (wēnxīn)
• 甘馨之費／甘馨之费
• 素馨 (sùxīn)
• 芳馨
• 雲南黃馨／云南黄馨
• 馨逸
• 馨香 (xīnxiāng)
• 馨香禱祝／馨香祷祝

 

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04618
• “馨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

馨

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. fragrant
2. balmy
3. favourable

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kan-on: けい (kei)
• Kun: かおる (kaoru, 馨る)

Compounds

Compounds

• 素馨(そけい) (sokei): Spanish jasmine

Proper noun

馨(かおる) • (Kaoru) 

1. a unisex given name

Korean

Hanja

馨 (eumhun 꽃다울 형 (kkotdaul hyeong))
馨 (eumhun 향기 형 (hyanggi hyeong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

馨: Hán Nôm readings: hinh, hanh, hênh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.