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Egyptian [ edit ] Pronunciation [ edit ] 3-lit.
( transitive ) pack up or wrap up ( transitive ) enclose ( transitive ) collect (offices or favors )Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of ꜥrf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥrf , geminated stem: ꜥrff
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜥrf ꜥrfw , ꜥrf ꜥrft ꜥrf ꜥrf
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
ꜥrf ḥr ꜥrf m ꜥrf r ꜥrf
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ꜥrf.n ꜥrfw , ꜥrf consecutive
ꜥrf.jn active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ꜥrft
perfective 3
ꜥrf active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 obligative1
ꜥrf.ḫr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ꜥrf active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ꜥrf ꜥrff potentialis1
ꜥrf.kꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ꜥrf active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ꜥrf.n active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 —
—
perfective
ꜥrf active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 ꜥrf ꜥrf , ꜥrfw 5 , ꜥrfy 5
imperfective
ꜥrf , ꜥrfy , ꜥrfw 5 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 ꜥrf , ꜥrfj 6 , ꜥrfy 6 ꜥrf , ꜥrfw 5
prospective
ꜥrf , ꜥrftj 7 —
ꜥrftj 4 , ꜥrft 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥrf
Descendants [ edit ] Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⲣⲃⲉ ( ōrbe )
Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲣϥ ( ōrf )
Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲣⲃ ( ōrb ) m
bag , sachet Inflection [ edit ]
Declension of ꜥrf (masculine)
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥrf
References [ edit ] Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] →ISBN pages 210.20–211.2 Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN page 45
