나무하다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in the Myobeomnyeonhwagyeong eonhae (妙法蓮華經諺解 / 묘법연화경언해), 1463, as Middle Korean 나모ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: nàmwò-hòtá), equivalent to modern 나무 (namu, “tree”) + 하다 (-hada, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠muɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [나무하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | namuhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | namuhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | namuhada |
| Yale Romanization? | namuhata |
Verb[edit]
나무하다 • (namuhada) (infinitive 나무해 or 나무하여, sequential 나무하니)
- (intransitive) to cut and gather firewood
Conjugation[edit]
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 나무한다 namuhanda |
나무해 namuhae |
나무해요 namuhaeyo |
나무합니다 namuhamnida |
| Past | 나무했다 namuhaetda |
나무했어 namuhaesseo |
나무했어요 namuhaesseoyo |
나무했습니다 namuhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 나무하느냐 namuhaneunya |
나무해 namuhae |
나무해요 namuhaeyo |
나무합니까 namuhamnikka |
| Past | 나무했느냐 namuhaenneunya |
나무했어 namuhaesseo |
나무했어요 namuhaesseoyo |
나무했습니까 namuhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 나무하자 namuhaja |
나무해 namuhae |
나무해요 namuhaeyo |
나무하십시다 namuhasipsida | |
| Imperative | 나무해라, 나무하여라 namuhaera, namuhayeora |
나무해 namuhae |
나무해요 namuhaeyo |
나무합시오 namuhapsio | |
| Assertive | 나무하겠다 namuhagetda |
나무하겠어 namuhagesseo |
나무하겠어요 namuhagesseoyo |
나무하겠습니다 namuhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 나무해 namuhae |
나무해서, 나무하여서 namuhaeseo, namuhayeoseo |
나무하니 namuhani |
나무하니까 namuhanikka | |
| Contrast | 나무하지만 namuhajiman |
나무하는데 namuhaneunde |
나무하더니 namuhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 나무하고 namuhago |
||||
| Condition | 나무하면 namuhamyeon |
나무해야, 나무하여야 namuhaeya, namuhayeoya |
|||
| Motive | 나무하려고 namuharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 나무함 namuham |
나무하기 namuhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 나무했음, 나무하였음 namuhaesseum, namuhayeosseum |
나무했기, 나무하였기 namuhaetgi, namuhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 나무한 namuhan | |||
| Present | 나무하는 namuhaneun | ||||
| Future | 나무할 namuhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 나무하신다 namuhasinda |
나무하셔 namuhasyeo |
나무하세요, 나무하셔요 namuhaseyo, namuhasyeoyo |
나무하십니다 namuhasimnida |
| Past | 나무하셨다 namuhasyeotda |
나무하셨어 namuhasyeosseo |
나무하셨어요 namuhasyeosseoyo |
나무하셨습니다 namuhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 나무하시느냐 namuhasineunya |
나무하셔 namuhasyeo |
나무하세요, 나무하셔요 namuhaseyo, namuhasyeoyo |
나무하십니까 namuhasimnikka |
| Past | 나무하셨느냐 namuhasyeonneunya |
나무하셨어 namuhasyeosseo |
나무하셨어요 namuhasyeosseoyo |
나무하셨습니까 namuhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 나무하시라 namuhasira |
나무하셔 namuhasyeo |
나무하세요 namuhaseyo |
나무하십시오 namuhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 나무하시겠다 namuhasigetda |
나무하시겠어 namuhasigesseo |
나무하시겠어요 namuhasigesseoyo |
나무하시겠습니다 namuhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 나무하셔 namuhasyeo |
나무하셔서 namuhasyeoseo |
나무하시니 namuhasini |
나무하시니까 namuhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 나무하시지만 namuhasijiman |
나무하시는데 namuhasineunde |
나무하시더니 namuhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 나무하시고 namuhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 나무하시면 namuhasimyeon |
나무하셔야 namuhasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 나무하시려고 namuhasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 나무하심 namuhasim |
나무하시기 namuhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 나무하셨음 namuhasyeosseum |
나무하셨기 namuhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 나무하신 namuhasin | |||
| Present | 나무하시는 namuhasineun | ||||
| Future | 나무하실 namuhasil | ||||