눅다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean 눅다 (Yale: nwukta).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nuk̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [눅따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	nukda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	nugda
McCune–Reischauer?	nukta
Yale Romanization?	nwukta

Adjective

눅다 • (nukda) (infinitive 눅어, sequential 눅으니)

1. (North Korea, Russia) (to be) cheap
   • 1999, “Директор школы [Direktor školy]”, in VEKS documentary Film‎^[1], Uzbekistan:

     좋앗어, 묵을 게 흔하지 눅지, 저 집은 새개 방 이렇게 주구서리... 타직들은 그렇게 좋은 것들 이었댓어.

     Jo-as-eo, mug-eul ge heunhaji nuk-ji, jeo jib-eun saegae bang ireoke juguseori... Tajik-deur-eun geureoke jo-eun geot-deul i-eot-daes-eo.

     It was good, there was lots to eat [and everything was] cheap, you'd be given a three-room house... the Tajiks used to be so good [to us].

     • The speaker is a Koryo-Saram woman who fled from the Tajikistan Civil War.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 눅다 (nukda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	눅다 nukda	눅어 nugeo	눅어요 nugeoyo	눅습니다 nukseumnida
	Past	눅었다 nugeotda	눅었어 nugeosseo	눅었어요 nugeosseoyo	눅었습니다 nugeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	눅으냐 nugeunya	눅어 nugeo	눅어요 nugeoyo	눅습니까 nukseumnikka
	Past	눅었냐 nugeonnya	눅었어 nugeosseo	눅었어요 nugeosseoyo	눅었습니까 nugeotseumnikka
Assertive		눅겠다 nukgetda	눅겠어 nukgesseo	눅겠어요 nukgesseoyo	눅겠습니다 nukgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		눅어 nugeo	눅어서 nugeoseo	눅으니 nugeuni	눅으니까 nugeunikka
Contrast		눅지만 nukjiman	눅은데 nugeunde	눅더니 nukdeoni
Conjunction		눅고 nukgo
Condition		눅으면 nugeumyeon	눅어야 nugeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		눅음 nugeum	눅기 nukgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		눅었음 nugeosseum	눅었기 nugeotgi
Determiners	Present		눅은 nugeun
	Future		눅을 nugeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	눅으시다 nugeusida	눅으셔 nugeusyeo	눅으세요, 눅으셔요 nugeuseyo, nugeusyeoyo	눅으십니다 nugeusimnida
	Past	눅으셨다 nugeusyeotda	눅으셨어 nugeusyeosseo	눅으셨어요 nugeusyeosseoyo	눅으셨습니다 nugeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	눅으시냐 nugeusinya	눅으셔 nugeusyeo	눅으세요, 눅으셔요 nugeuseyo, nugeusyeoyo	눅으십니까 nugeusimnikka
	Past	눅으셨냐 nugeusyeonnya	눅으셨어 nugeusyeosseo	눅으셨어요 nugeusyeosseoyo	눅으셨습니까 nugeusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		눅으시겠다 nugeusigetda	눅으시겠어 nugeusigesseo	눅으시겠어요 nugeusigesseoyo	눅으시겠습니다 nugeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		눅으셔 nugeusyeo	눅으셔서 nugeusyeoseo	눅으시니 nugeusini	눅으시니까 nugeusinikka
Contrast		눅으시지만 nugeusijiman	눅으신데 nugeusinde	눅으시더니 nugeusideoni
Conjunction		눅으시고 nugeusigo
Condition		눅으시면 nugeusimyeon	눅으셔야 nugeusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		눅으심 nugeusim	눅으시기 nugeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		눅으셨음 nugeusyeosseum	눅으셨기 nugeusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		눅으신 nugeusin
	Future		눅으실 nugeusil

Verb

눅다 • (nukda) (infinitive 눅어, sequential 눅으니)

1. to get warm
2. (intransitive) to soften

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 눅다 (nukda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	눅는다 nungneunda	눅어 nugeo	눅어요 nugeoyo	눅습니다 nukseumnida
	Past	눅었다 nugeotda	눅었어 nugeosseo	눅었어요 nugeosseoyo	눅었습니다 nugeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	눅느냐 nungneunya	눅어 nugeo	눅어요 nugeoyo	눅습니까 nukseumnikka
	Past	눅었느냐 nugeonneunya	눅었어 nugeosseo	눅었어요 nugeosseoyo	눅었습니까 nugeotseumnikka
Hortative		눅자 nukja	눅어 nugeo	눅어요 nugeoyo	눅으십시다 nugeusipsida
Imperative		눅어라 nugeora	눅어 nugeo	눅어요 nugeoyo	눅읍시오 nugeupsio
Assertive		눅겠다 nukgetda	눅겠어 nukgesseo	눅겠어요 nukgesseoyo	눅겠습니다 nukgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		눅어 nugeo	눅어서 nugeoseo	눅으니 nugeuni	눅으니까 nugeunikka
Contrast		눅지만 nukjiman	눅는데 nungneunde	눅더니 nukdeoni
Conjunction		눅고 nukgo
Condition		눅으면 nugeumyeon	눅어야 nugeoya
Motive		눅으려고 nugeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		눅음 nugeum	눅기 nukgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		눅었음 nugeosseum	눅었기 nugeotgi
Determiners	Past	눅은 nugeun
	Present	눅는 nungneun
	Future	눅을 nugeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	눅으신다 nugeusinda	눅으셔 nugeusyeo	눅으세요, 눅으셔요 nugeuseyo, nugeusyeoyo	눅으십니다 nugeusimnida
	Past	눅으셨다 nugeusyeotda	눅으셨어 nugeusyeosseo	눅으셨어요 nugeusyeosseoyo	눅으셨습니다 nugeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	눅으시느냐 nugeusineunya	눅으셔 nugeusyeo	눅으세요, 눅으셔요 nugeuseyo, nugeusyeoyo	눅으십니까 nugeusimnikka
	Past	눅으셨느냐 nugeusyeonneunya	눅으셨어 nugeusyeosseo	눅으셨어요 nugeusyeosseoyo	눅으셨습니까 nugeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		눅으시라 nugeusira	눅으셔 nugeusyeo	눅으세요 nugeuseyo	눅으십시오 nugeusipsio
Assertive		눅으시겠다 nugeusigetda	눅으시겠어 nugeusigesseo	눅으시겠어요 nugeusigesseoyo	눅으시겠습니다 nugeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		눅으셔 nugeusyeo	눅으셔서 nugeusyeoseo	눅으시니 nugeusini	눅으시니까 nugeusinikka
Contrast		눅으시지만 nugeusijiman	눅으시는데 nugeusineunde	눅으시더니 nugeusideoni
Conjunction		눅으시고 nugeusigo
Condition		눅으시면 nugeusimyeon	눅으셔야 nugeusyeoya
Motive		눅으시려고 nugeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		눅으심 nugeusim	눅으시기 nugeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		눅으셨음 nugeusyeosseum	눅으셨기 nugeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	눅으신 nugeusin
	Present	눅으시는 nugeusineun
	Future	눅으실 nugeusil

Related terms

• Ablaut form: 녹다 (nokda)