침울하다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
침울(沈鬱) (chimul) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰimuɾɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [치물하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | chimulhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | chim'ulhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ch'imurhada |
| Yale Romanization? | chim.wul.hata |
Adjective[edit]
침울하다 • (chimulhada) (infinitive 침울해 or 침울하여, sequential 침울하니, hanja 沈鬱하다)
- (of mood, of emotions, etc.) to be down, to be dismal, to be depressed
- Synonym: 암울(暗鬱)하다 (amulhada)
- (of the weather) to be gloomy, to be dreary
Conjugation[edit]
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 침울하다 chimulhada |
침울해 chimulhae |
침울해요 chimulhaeyo |
침울합니다 chimulhamnida |
| Past | 침울했다 chimulhaetda |
침울했어 chimulhaesseo |
침울했어요 chimulhaesseoyo |
침울했습니다 chimulhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 침울하냐 chimulhanya |
침울해 chimulhae |
침울해요 chimulhaeyo |
침울합니까 chimulhamnikka |
| Past | 침울했냐 chimulhaennya |
침울했어 chimulhaesseo |
침울했어요 chimulhaesseoyo |
침울했습니까 chimulhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 침울하겠다 chimulhagetda |
침울하겠어 chimulhagesseo |
침울하겠어요 chimulhagesseoyo |
침울하겠습니다 chimulhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 침울해 chimulhae |
침울해서, 침울하여서 chimulhaeseo, chimulhayeoseo |
침울하니 chimulhani |
침울하니까 chimulhanikka | |
| Contrast | 침울하지만 chimulhajiman |
침울한데 chimulhande |
침울하더니 chimulhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 침울하고 chimulhago |
||||
| Condition | 침울하면 chimulhamyeon |
침울해야, 침울하여야 chimulhaeya, chimulhayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 침울함 chimulham |
침울하기 chimulhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 침울했음, 침울하였음 chimulhaesseum, chimulhayeosseum |
침울했기, 침울하였기 chimulhaetgi, chimulhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 침울한 chimulhan | |||
| Future | 침울할 chimulhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 침울하시다 chimulhasida |
침울하셔 chimulhasyeo |
침울하세요, 침울하셔요 chimulhaseyo, chimulhasyeoyo |
침울하십니다 chimulhasimnida |
| Past | 침울하셨다 chimulhasyeotda |
침울하셨어 chimulhasyeosseo |
침울하셨어요 chimulhasyeosseoyo |
침울하셨습니다 chimulhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 침울하시냐 chimulhasinya |
침울하셔 chimulhasyeo |
침울하세요, 침울하셔요 chimulhaseyo, chimulhasyeoyo |
침울하십니까 chimulhasimnikka |
| Past | 침울하셨냐 chimulhasyeonnya |
침울하셨어 chimulhasyeosseo |
침울하셨어요 chimulhasyeosseoyo |
침울하셨습니까 chimulhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 침울하시겠다 chimulhasigetda |
침울하시겠어 chimulhasigesseo |
침울하시겠어요 chimulhasigesseoyo |
침울하시겠습니다 chimulhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 침울하셔 chimulhasyeo |
침울하셔서 chimulhasyeoseo |
침울하시니 chimulhasini |
침울하시니까 chimulhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 침울하시지만 chimulhasijiman |
침울하신데 chimulhasinde |
침울하시더니 chimulhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 침울하시고 chimulhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 침울하시면 chimulhasimyeon |
침울하셔야 chimulhasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 침울하심 chimulhasim |
침울하시기 chimulhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 침울하셨음 chimulhasyeosseum |
침울하셨기 chimulhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 침울하신 chimulhasin | |||
| Future | 침울하실 chimulhasil | ||||