𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ *𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*tarhjan), derived from Proto-Germanic *tarhijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dorḱ-éie-, *dorḱ-éye-ti (causative), from *derḱ- (“to see”).

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (gatarhjan) (perfective)

1. to flag, mark, note
   • Matthew 27:16:

     𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽𐌿𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰 ⟨𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰⟩ 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰𐌽.

     habaidēdunuh þan bandjan gatarhidana ⟨haitanana⟩ barabban.

     And they had then a notable prisoner, called Barabbas. (KJV)

   • Gothic Bible, Thessalonians II 3:14 (Codex Ambrosianus A):

     𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌽𐌹 𐌿𐍆𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 𐌸𐍉𐍃 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸; 𐌽𐌹 𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰, 𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌺.

     iþ jabai ƕas ni ufhausjai waurda unsaramma þairh þōs bōkōs, þana gatarhjaiþ; ni blandaiþ izwis miþ imma, ei gaskamai sik.

     And if any man obey not our word by this epistle, note that man, and have no company with him, that he may be ashamed. (KJV)

   • Colossians 2:15:

     𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰, 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌱𐌰, 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐍉 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌱𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐌹𐍃.

     andhamōnds sik leika, reikja jah waldufnja gatarhida balþaba, gablauþjands þō bairhtaba in sis.

     And having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 gatarhjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰 gatarhja	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌰 gatarhida	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gatarhjada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃 gatarheis	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gatarhidēs	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 gatarhjaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌸 gatarheiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌰 gatarhida	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gatarhjada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐍉𐍃 gatarhjōs	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gatarhidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gatarhjats	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gatarhidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌼 gatarhjam	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gatarhidēdum	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gatarhjanda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌸 gatarheiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gatarhidēduþ	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gatarhjanda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 gatarhjand	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gatarhidēdun	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gatarhjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌿 gatarhjau	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gatarhidēdjau	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 gatarhjais	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gatarhidēdeis	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹 gatarhjai	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gatarhidēdi	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gatarhjaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gatarhidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gatarhjaits	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gatarhidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gatarhjaima	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gatarhidēdeima	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 gatarhjaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gatarhidēdeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gatarhjaina	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gatarhidēdeina	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹 gatarhei
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gatarhjats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌸 gatarheiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gatarhjands	𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌸𐍃 gatarhiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 138