𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dulþijaną. By surface analysis, 𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃 (dulþs) +‎ -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdulθjan/

Verb

𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (dulþjan)

1. to keep a feast, to celebrate
   • 1 Corinthians 5:8:

     𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌿 𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌼, 𐌽𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰, 𐌽𐌹𐌸-𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃; 𐌰𐌺 𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐌽𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐍃-𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐍉𐍃.

     þannu dulþjam, ni in beista fairnjamma, niþ-þan in beista balwawēseins jah unsēleins; ak in unbeistein unwammeins jas-sunjōs.

     Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 dulþjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰 dulþja	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 dulþida	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 dulþjada
2nd singular	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌹𐍃 dulþjis	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 dulþidēs	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 dulþjaza
3rd singular	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌹𐌸 dulþjiþ	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 dulþida	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 dulþjada
1st dual	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐍉𐍃 dulþjōs	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 dulþidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 dulþjats	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 dulþidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌼 dulþjam	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 dulþidēdum	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 dulþjanda
2nd plural	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌹𐌸 dulþjiþ	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 dulþidēduþ	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 dulþjanda
3rd plural	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 dulþjand	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 dulþidēdun	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 dulþjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌿 dulþjau	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 dulþidēdjau	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 dulþjaidau
2nd singular	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 dulþjais	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 dulþidēdeis	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 dulþjaizau
3rd singular	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹 dulþjai	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 dulþidēdi	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 dulþjaidau
1st dual	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 dulþjaiwa	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 dulþidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 dulþjaits	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 dulþidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 dulþjaima	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 dulþidēdeima	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 dulþjaindau
2nd plural	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 dulþjaiþ	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 dulþidēdeiþ	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 dulþjaindau
3rd plural	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 dulþjaina	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 dulþidēdeina	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 dulþjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹 dulþei
3rd singular	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 dulþjadau
2nd dual	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 dulþjats
2nd plural	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌹𐌸 dulþjiþ
3rd plural	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 dulþjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 dulþjands	𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌸𐍃 dulþiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 28