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Speech levels [ edit ] See also: Appendix:Korean verbs
화계 話階 hwagye , “speech levels”)
공대화계 恭待話階 gongdaehwagye , “polite speech levels”)
Korean term
Wiktionary translation[1]
Translations used elsewhere
Notes
하십시오체 hasipsioche ) (합쇼체)
formal polite style
formal style,[2] [3]
격식 gyeoksik , “formal”) and 공대 恭待 gongdae , “polite”). E.g. 합니다, 하십니다.
해요체 haeyoche )
informal polite style
polite style[2]
비격식 bigyeoksik , “informal”) and 공대 恭待 gongdae , “polite”). E.g. 해요, 하세요.
하소서체 hasoseoche )
royalty style , extremely formal style
E.g.: 하나이다, 하시나이다. Extremely formal and polite.
Others
Korean term
Wiktionary translation[1]
Translations used elsewhere
Notes
해체 haeche )
informal plain style
informal style
반말 banmal , “half words”), i.e. without a proper final ending. E.g. 해, 하여, 하셔. Informal and of neutral to low politeness.
해라체 haerache )
formal plain style
plain style[2]
E.g. 한다, 하신다. Formal and of neutral to low politeness.
하게체 hageche )
familiar style [2]
E.g. 하네, 하시네. Of neutral politeness.
하오체 haoche )
blunt style , middle style, formal lateral style, authoritative style
semiformal style [2]
E.g. 하오, 하쇼, 하시오. Formal and of neutral politeness.
Parts of speech [ edit ] See also: Category:ko:Parts of speech
Korean term
Wiktionary translation[1]
Translations used elsewhere
Notes
동사 dongsa )
verb
action verb
E.g.: 하다 hada ), 가다 gada )
형용사 hyeong'yongsa )
adjective
descriptive verb, stative verb, conjugated adjective
E.g.: 곱다 gopda ), 덥다 deopda )
관형사 gwanhyeongsa )
determiner
determinative, adnominal, pre-noun, attributive, unconjugated adjective, adnoun[2]
E.g.: 각 gak , “each”), 느린 neurin )
명사 myeongsa )
noun
substantive
E.g.: 가족 gajok ), 맛 mat )
대명사 daemyeongsa )
pronoun
E.g.: 나 na ), 그 geu )
부사 busa )
adverb
E.g.: 또 tto ), 가득 gadeuk )
조사 josa )
particle
postposition
E.g.: 는 neun ), 를 reul )
감탄사 gamtansa )
interjection
exclamation
E.g.: 아니 ani )
수사 susa )
number
numeral
Verb/adjective forms [ edit ] Many of these appear to lack standard names in Korean.
Korean term
Wiktionary translation[1]
Translations used elsewhere
Notes
연결형 yeon'gyeolhyeong )
stem [4] polite stem, infinitive[5] [2]
E.g. 하여 hayeo ), 해 hae )
기본형 gibonhyeong )
infinitive [6] dictionary form, fundamental form, standard form
to be distinguished from the plain or formal plain style above; e.g. 하다 hada )
하니 hani )
inferential
피동사 pidongsa )
passive
사동사 sadongsa )
causative
현재 現在 hyeonjae )
present
E.g. 한다, 먹습니다, 가요
과거 過去 gwageo )
past
preterite
E.g. 했어, 먹었다, 갔습니다
과거 회상 형태
past recollective form(s)
retrospective forms
includes verbs of various moods, typically with -ㄷ-, -디-, -더니, or -던-
미래 mirae )
future
assertive future , intentional , definite future
the tense marked by -겠 get )-
Phonology [ edit ]
Korean term
Wiktionary translation[1]
Translations used elsewhere
Notes
받침 batchim )
final[7]
syllable-final consonant
For example, the ㅂ in 쉽다 .
거센 소리 geosen sori )
aspiration
for example, ㅌ ㅋ ㅍ
된소리 doensori )
fortis
tensing
for example, ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ
Etymology [ edit ]
Korean term
Wiktionary translation[1]
Translations used elsewhere
Notes
체언 cheeon )
substantive
nominal
Includes all 명사 myeongsa , “noun”), 대명사 daemyeongsa , “pronoun”) and 수사 susa , “number”)
용언 yong'eon )
inflectional word
predicate, words that can be conjugated
E.g. 이다 ida ), 아니다 anida ), also includes all 동사 dongsa , “verbs”) and 형용사 hyeong'yongsa , “adjectives”)
어간 eogan )
?
stem
상 sang )
aspect
e.g. 직설 jikseol , “indicative”) (-ㄴ, -니-, -는-), "retrospective " (-ㄷ-, -디-, -던-), or 가정 gajeong , “subjunctive”) (-ㅅ-, -시-)
법 beop )
mood
서술법 seosulbeop ) (평서?)
declarative mood
In speech levels that differentiate with mood, verbs in the declarative mood typically end with -다, -라, or -ㅔ
의문형 uimunhyeong )
interrogative sentence
-까, -ㅕ, 가
청유형 cheong'yuhyeong )
proposative sentence
petitionary sentence, suggestive sentence
-다, -자, -ㅔ
명령형 myeongnyeonghyeong )
imperative sentence
In speech levels that differentiate with mood, verbs in the imperative mood typically end with -ㅗ, -ㅓ라, or -게.
어미 eomi )
suffix
tail, verb ending
generally used in specific distinction from 조사 josa , “particle”).
종결어미 jonggyeoreomi )
sentence suffix
closing suffix
복수형 boksuhyeong )
plural form
Works cited [ edit ] Baek, Bong-ja (백봉자) (1999 ) 외국어로서의 한국어 문법 사전 [ Oegugueo-roseo-ui hangugeo munbeop sajeon, Grammatical Dictionary of Korean as a Foreign Language] , Seoul: Yonsei University Press, →ISBN King, Ross, Yeon, Jae-Hoon (2000 ) Elementary Korean , Boston: Tuttle Publishing , →ISBN Martin, Samuel E[lmo ] (1992 ) A Reference Grammar of Korean , Singapore: Tuttle , →ISBN Suh, Cheong-soo (서정수) (2006 ) 국어문법 [ Gugeo munbeop, A Korean Grammar] , revised edition, Seoul: Jimoon, →ISBN