Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/-bùmba

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This Proto-Bantu entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Bantu

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Etymology

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Potential cognates outside of Narrow Bantu: Tiv ùmbè (bake in ashes), Obolo ɾǔŋ (bake in ashes), Anaang bùm (bake in ashes; roast on coals), Ukpet-Ehom bûŋ (bake in ashes), Bafut fɯ̀mə́ (bake in ashes), Lamnso' fə̀ḿ-kì-bvə̀ (bake in ashes), Mendankwe-Nkwen fɔ̀ɔ̀mə̂ (bake in ashes), Limbum fə́-ǹ-dʒíb-ʼbvə́ (bake in ashes), Eggon ovom-otuŋ (bake in ashes; roast on coals), Idun ù-vúm (roast on coals), and Yeskwa vum (roast on coals).

Reconstruction

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The impositive form *-bùmbɪka "to put in the ashes to bake" appears mainly in Eastern Bantu, and may not be reconstructable to the level of Proto-Bantu. It often loses its impositive sense and replaces the original *-bùmba, except when the underived form gains a more specialized meaning. The meaning sometimes generalizes away from cooking to mean burying or covering an object. Forms with the separative extensions *-ʊk-/-ʊd- can shift from "remove from ashes" to more general meanings such as "uncover; discover; reveal". A sense of bringing an animal out of hiding results in even more divergent meanings such as "rouse the game", "wake up", "dash out", or "stampede".

Verb

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*-bùmba (infinitive *kʊ̀ )[1]

  1. to bake in ashes

Descendants

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From *-bùmba:

From *-bùmb-ɪk-a (impositive, "put into ashes to bake"):

From *-bùmb-ʊd-a (separative, tr.):

From *-bùmb-ʊk-a (separative, intr.):

From *-bùmb-ʊd-ʊk-a:

From *-bùmb-ʊd-ʊk-i-a:

From *-bùmb-ʊd-ʊd-a:

References

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  • Ricquier, B. and K. Bostoen (2008). Resolving phonological variability in Bantu lexical reconstructions: the case of 'to bake in ashes'. Africana Linguistica XIV: Pp. 109-149.