Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ulaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From pre-Germanic *-(V)los. Presumably the *-u- is anaptyctic or was carried over from the non-singular past indicative stem. Compare Latin -ulus in tremulus (“trembling”), crēdulus (“believing”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
*-ulaz
- Forms adjectives from verbs meaning “doing” or “pertaining to doing” the verb.
Inflection[edit]
Declension of *-ulaz (a-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *-ulaz | *-ulai | *-ulō | *-ulôz | *-ulą, *-at(ō) | *-ulō |
| accusative | *-ulanǭ | *-ulanz | *-ulǭ | *-ulōz | *-ulą, *-at(ō) | *-ulō |
| genitive | *-ulas, *-ulis | *-ulaizǫ̂ | *-ulaizōz | *-ulaizǫ̂ | *-ulas, *-ulis | *-ulaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *-ulammai | *-ulaimaz | *-ulaizōi | *-ulaimaz | *-ulammai | *-ulaimaz |
| instrumental | *-ulanō | *-ulaimiz | *-ulaizō | *-ulaimiz | *-ulanō | *-ulaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *-ulô | *-ulaniz | *-ulǭ | *-ulōniz | *-ulô | *-ulōnō |
| accusative | *-ulanų | *-ulanunz | *-ulōnų | *-ulōnunz | *-ulô | *-ulōnō |
| genitive | *-uliniz | *-ulanǫ̂ | *-ulōniz | *-ulōnǫ̂ | *-uliniz | *-ulanǫ̂ |
| dative | *-ulini | *-ulammaz | *-ulōni | *-ulōmaz | *-ulini | *-ulammaz |
| instrumental | *-ulinē | *-ulammiz | *-ulōnē | *-ulōmiz | *-ulinē | *-ulammiz |
Usage notes[edit]
When attached to strong verbs the adjective appears in the zero-grade with Verner's alternation.