Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmos, *h₂ŕ̥mos, from the root *h₂er-.

Cognate with Lithuanian ìrmėdė (“gout”), Old Prussian irmo (“arm”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós), Latin armus, Proto-Slavic *òrmo (“shoulder”), Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”).

Noun[edit]

*armaz m[1]

  2. arm
Inflection[edit]
masculine a-stemDeclension of *armaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *armaz *armōz, *armōs
vocative *arm *armōz, *armōs
accusative *armą *armanz
genitive *armas, *armis *armǫ̂
dative *armai *armamaz
instrumental *armō *armamiz
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅕𒈠𒀭 (erman, “sickness”).

Alternatively[2], from Pre-Germanic *h₃orbʰmos, with loss of -b- before -m-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-, whence English orphan. Compare the Norse variant aumr, as from *arbmaz with no loss of -b-, which mirrors the dissimilation of Old Norse haustr from *harbistaz.

Adjective[edit]

*armaz (comparative *armōzô, superlative *armōstaz)[2]

  2. poor, miserable
  3. pitiful, pitiable
Inflection[edit]
Declension of *armaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *armaz *armai *armō *armôz *armą, -atō *armō
Accusative *armanǭ *armanz *armǭ *armōz *armą, -atō *armō
Genitive *armas, -is *armaizǫ̂ *armaizōz *armaizǫ̂ *armas, -is *armaizǫ̂
Dative *armammai *armaimaz *armaizōi *armaimaz *armammai *armaimaz
Instrumental *armanō *armaimiz *armaizō *armaimiz *armanō *armaimiz
Weak declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *armô *armaniz *armǭ *armōniz *armô *armōnō
Accusative *armanų *armanunz *armōnų *armōnunz *armô *armōnō
Genitive *arminiz *armanǫ̂ *armōniz *armōnǫ̂ *arminiz *armanǫ̂
Dative *armini *armammaz *armōni *armōmaz *armini *armammaz
Instrumental *arminē *armammiz *armōnē *armōmiz *arminē *armammiz


Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arma- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arma- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
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