Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gramaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰróm-o-s, from *ǵʰrem- (“to vex; to be angry”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
*gramaz[1]
Inflection[edit]
Declension of *gramaz (a-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *gramaz | *gramai | *gramō | *gramôz | *gramą, *-at(ō) | *gramō |
| accusative | *gramanǭ | *gramanz | *gramǭ | *gramōz | *gramą, *-at(ō) | *gramō |
| genitive | *gramas, *gramis | *gramaizǫ̂ | *gramaizōz | *gramaizǫ̂ | *gramas, *gramis | *gramaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *gramammai | *gramaimaz | *gramaizōi | *gramaimaz | *gramammai | *gramaimaz |
| instrumental | *gramanō | *gramaimiz | *gramaizō | *gramaimiz | *gramanō | *gramaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *gramô | *gramaniz | *gramǭ | *gramōniz | *gramô | *gramōnō |
| accusative | *gramanų | *gramanunz | *gramōnų | *gramōnunz | *gramô | *gramōnō |
| genitive | *graminiz | *gramanǫ̂ | *gramōniz | *gramōnǫ̂ | *graminiz | *gramanǫ̂ |
| dative | *gramini | *gramammaz | *gramōni | *gramōmaz | *gramini | *gramammaz |
| instrumental | *graminē | *gramammiz | *gramōnē | *gramōmiz | *graminē | *gramammiz |
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-West Germanic: *gram(ī)
- Old English: gram
- Old Saxon: gram
- Middle Low German: gram
- Old Dutch: *gram
- Old High German: gremi, gram
- → Old French: graim
- Old French: graigne
- Old French: graignier, greignier
- Old Northern French: chagreiner, chagraigner
- Old French: grigner
- Middle French: chagrigner
- French: chagriner
- Middle French: chagrigner
- Old French: graignier, greignier
- Old French: graigne
- Old Norse: gramr
References[edit]
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*gramaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 139