Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/miskijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *miskaną

Etymology

From earlier *mihsk-, from Proto-Indo-European *miḱ-sḱé- (*sḱé- inchoative present) (whence Latin misceō (“mix”), Ancient Greek μίσγω (mísgō, “mix”)), from *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (“to mix, knead”). Cognate with *maiskaz, *maiskō (“mixture”), Old Irish mescad (“mix”), Sanskrit मेक्षयति (mekṣáyati, “to mingle, mix”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmis.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*miskijaną

1. to mix, combine

Inflection

Conjugation of *miskijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*miskijō	*miskijaų	—	*miskijai	?
2nd singular	*miskīsi	*miskijais	*miskī	*miskijasai	*miskijaisau
3rd singular	*miskīþi	*miskijai	*miskijaþau	*miskijaþai	*miskijaiþau
1st dual	*miskijōs	*miskijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*miskijaþiz	*miskijaiþiz	*miskijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*miskijamaz	*miskijaim	—	*miskijanþai	*miskijainþau
2nd plural	*miskīþ	*miskijaiþ	*miskīþ	*miskijanþai	*miskijainþau
3rd plural	*miskijanþi	*miskijain	*miskijanþau	*miskijanþai	*miskijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*miskidǭ	*miskidēdį̄
2nd singular	*miskidēz	*miskidēdīz
3rd singular	*miskidē	*miskidēdī
1st dual	*miskidēdū	*miskidēdīw
2nd dual	*miskidēdudiz	*miskidēdīdiz
1st plural	*miskidēdum	*miskidēdīm
2nd plural	*miskidēdud	*miskidēdīd
3rd plural	*miskidēdun	*miskidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*miskijandz	*miskidaz

Related terms

• *maiskaz
• *maiską

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *miskijan, *miskōn
  • Old English: *mixian, miscian
    • Middle English: mixen (attested in myxyd (past participle))
      • Scots: mix
      • English: mix
        • → Esperanto: miksi
        • → Dutch: mixen
        • → German: mixen
  • Old Frisian: *miskia
    • Saterland Frisian: miskje
  • Old Saxon: *misken, *miskōn
    • Middle Low German: mischen, meschen
      • German Low German: mischen, misken
  • Frankish: *misken, *miscen; *misklōn; *misklinga
    • Old Dutch: misken
      • Middle Dutch: mischen, misschen
        • Dutch: (obsolete) misschen, (dialectal) missen, miesjen, meisjen
        • Limburgish: miesje
        • ⇒ Middle Dutch: misschelen
          • Dutch: (obsolete) misschelen, misselen
    • →⇒ Old French: meslinges, meslance (likely, due to the fossilised germanic suffix appended to this word)
      • Middle French: meslange, mélange
        • French: mélange; mélanger
  • Old High German: miskian, misgēn, miskēn; miscilōn, miskilōn, miskelōn
    • Middle High German: mischen
      • German: mischen
      • Luxembourgish: mëschen