Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kŕ̥miš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis. Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirmis, Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis.

Noun

*kŕ̥miš m

1. worm

Declension

masculine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kŕ̥miš	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mayas
vocative	*kŕ̥may	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mayas
accusative	*kŕ̥mim	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mīn, -īš
instrumental	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mibʰyām	*kŕ̥mibʰiš
ablative	*kŕ̥mayš	*kŕ̥mibʰyām	*kŕ̥mibʰyas
dative	*kŕ̥mayay	*kŕ̥mibʰyām	*kŕ̥mibʰyas
genitive	*kŕ̥mayš	*kŕ̥myawš	*kŕ̥mayām?
locative	*kŕ̥mā(w)?	*kŕ̥myawš	*kŕ̥mišu

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥miṣ
  • Sanskrit: कृमि (kṛ́mi)
    • Pali: kimi
    • Punjabi: ਕਿਰਮ (kiram, “worm, slug, maggot”)
    • Odia: କୃମି (krumi)
    • Bengali: ক্রিমি (krimi)
    • Sinhalese: කිමියා (kimiyā)
    • → Malayalam: കൃമി (kr̥mi)
    • → Tamil: கிருமி (kirumi)
    • → Telugu: క్రిమి (krimi)
    • >? Romani: kirmo, kermo
• Proto-Iranian: *kŕ̥miš
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬁 (kər^əmā)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Ossetian: калм (kalm, “worm, small snake”)
    • Sogdian: ܟܝܪܡ (kirm, “snake”)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: کرم (kirm)
    • Northern Kurdish: kirm
    • Old Median: *kr̥miš (see there for further descendants)
    • Parthian: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (kirm, “shooting star”)
    • Zaza-Gurani:
      • Gurani: کرمی (kirmī)
      • Zazaki: kerm(î) (karm(ī))
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠*kármiš⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠kirm⁠/)

        Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (krm)

        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (klm)

        • Persian: کرم (kerm)