Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wíćwas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wisos, or from Proto-Indo-European *wi, then cognate with Proto-Slavic *vьxъ.

Adjective

*wíćwas

1. all, every

   Synonym: *sárwas

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíśwas
  • Sanskrit: विश्व (víśva, “all, every; universe”) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *wícwah (“all, every; whole”)
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀 (vīspa)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (biśśa)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: οισπο (oispo /⁠wīsp⁠/)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠wisp⁠/)

        Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (wysp)

        Sogdian script: [script needed] (wysp)

        Syriac script: ܘܝܣܦ (wysp)

  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish: (perhaps, c.f. گشت (gešt) in Persian)

      Central Kurdish: گشت (gišt)

      Northern Kurdish: gişt (gišt), gîh (gīh)

    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *wíspah
      • Caspian:
        • Old Mazanderani: گشت (gešt, “all, every; everywhere”)
      • Old Median: [Term?] (/⁠*vispa⁠/)
        • → Old Persian: 𐎻𐎿𐎱 (vi-s-p /⁠vispa⁠/)
          • Middle Persian: (/⁠wisp⁠/)

            Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (wysp)

            Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭥𐭮𐭯 (wsp)

            Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wsp), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wst')

            Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮅𐮍𐮎𐮈 (wspy)

            Pazend script: 𐬬𐬌𐬯𐬞 (visp)

            • Classical Persian: وسف (wisf, “all”) (only in Zoroastrian texts), گشت (gešt, “all; everyone”) (Perhaps influenced from the Book Pahlvi script; >wisp >*gisp/t >*gišp/t >gišt)

              Iranian Persian: گشت (gešt, “all; everyone”) (only as slang word)

      • Parthian: (/⁠wisp⁠/)

        Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭅𐭉𐭎𐭐 (wysp)

        Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (wysp)

  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎻𐎿 (vi-s /⁠visa⁠/)