Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/bənər

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Reconstruction

Although the sound changes appear to be regular, these could represent separate innovations between Western Indonesian and Eastern Polynesian, with the similarity being accidental on account of final *-r. Note that the Philippine reflexes appear to be borrowed from Malay.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bənər/

Adjective

*bənər

1. right, correct

Descendants

• Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  • Proto-Oceanic: *bonor
    • Proto-Polynesian: *pono
      • Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        • Marquesic:
          • Hawaiian: pono
          • Mangarevan: ʻapono, popono
          • North Marquesan: pono
        • Tahitic:
          • Maori: pono
          • Tahitian: pono
          • Tuamotuan: pono
      • Western Polynesian:
        • Futunic:
          • Pukapukan: pono
• Western Malayo-Polynesian:
  • Greater Barito:
    • Sama-Bajaw:
      • Mapun: bana, banna
      • Yakan: bennal
    • West Barito:
      • Ngaju: banar
  • Proto-Philippine: *bənər
    • Central Luzon:
      • Kapampangan: banal
    • Greater Central Philippine:
      • Central Philippine:
        • Bikol Central: banal
        • Mansaka: bunnal
        • Tagalog: banal
        • Tausug: bunnal
      • Danao:
        • Iranun: benar
        • Maguindanao: benal
        • Maranao: benar
      • Manobo:
        • Western Bukidnon Manobo: benar
      • Palawan:
        • Southwest Palawano: banar
    • Northern Luzon:
      • Casiguran Dumagat Agta: banal
  • Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
    • Batak:
      • Angkola Batak: bonar
      • Dairi Batak: benar
      • Karo Batak: benar
      • Mandailing Batak: bonar
      • Toba Batak: bonor
  • Lampungic:
    • Abung: benor
  • Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
    • Bali–Sasak:
      • Balinese: beneh, benah
      • Sasak: bender
    • Madurese: bendher
    • Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
      • Proto-Chamic:
        • Acehnese: beuna
      • Proto-Malayic: *bənər
        • Iban: bendar
        • Kerinci: bene
        • Malay: benar
          • Indonesian: benar
          • → Tausug: bunnal
        • Minangkabau: bana
    • Sundanese: ᮘᮨᮔᮨᮁ (bener), beuneur
  • Old Javanese: bener
    • Javanese: bener

Further reading

• Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database – true, correct
• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *bener