Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gomola

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *gomoľa, *gomoľь (South Slavic)
• *gomula, *gomyla

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gom- (“to squeeze, to press”) + *-ola. Cognate with Lithuanian gãmalas (“chunk, lump”).

A secondary form *gomyla (“lump; mound”), attested in several branches, was probably influenced by Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”).

Noun

*gomola f

1. lump
2. clod

Inflection

Declension of *gomola (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gomola	*gomolě	*gomoly
genitive	*gomoly	*gomolu	*gomolъ
dative	*gomolě	*gomolama	*gomolamъ
accusative	*gomolǫ	*gomolě	*gomoly
instrumental	*gomolojǫ, *gomolǫ**	*gomolama	*gomolami
locative	*gomolě	*gomolu	*gomolasъ, *gomolaxъ*
vocative	*gomolo	*gomolě	*gomoly

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: гому́ла (homúla)
  • Russian: гомо́ла (gomóla), гомы́ла (gomýla)
  • Ukrainian: гоми́ла (homýla)
    • ⇒ Ukrainian: гомі́лка (homílka)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: гомола (gomola) (Russian recension)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: го̀мољ, го̀моља, го̀мила

    Latin script: gòmolj, gòmolja, gòmila

  • Slovene: gomȏlj, gomólja, gomóla (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: homole
  • Polish: gomóła, gomuła
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: gomola
    • Upper Sorbian: homoła, homuła

References

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гомо́ла”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “гомілка”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gomola/*gomolъ/*gomula/*gomyla”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 18
• “gamalas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012