Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gręzti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *grę̑znǫti

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grimz-. Cognate with Lithuanian grim̃zti (“to sink”) (3sg. grim̃zta, 3sg. past grim̃zdo), Latvian grim̃t (“to sink”), grèmdêt (“to immerse”).

• Per Derksen, further connections uncertain.
• Per Vasmer, cognate with Gothic 𐌵𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌰 (qrammiþa, “humidity”), Latin grāmiae (“pus in the eye”, pl.), and possibly with Albanian kreth (“to dive into the water”) (passive kredhem, aorist ukrodha).

Verb

*gręzti impf

1. to sink

   Synonyms: *gręznǫti, *gręziti

Inflection

Conjugation of *gręzti, *gręze, *gręzetь (impf., intr., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gręzenьje	*gręzti	*gręztъ	*gręzlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*gręzъ	*gręzy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręz(ox)ъ	*gręze	*gręze	*gręzǫ	*gręzeši	*gręzetь
Dual	*gręz(ox)ově	*gręz(e/os)ta	*gręz(e/os)te	*gręzevě	*gręzeta	*gręzete
Plural	*gręz(ox)omъ	*gręz(e/os)te	*gręzǫ, *gręzošę	*gręzemъ	*gręzete	*gręzǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręzěaxъ	*gręzěaše	*gręzěaše	—	*gręzi	*gręzi
Dual	*gręzěaxově	*gręzěašeta	*gręzěašete	*gręzěvě	*gręzěta	—
Plural	*gręzěaxomъ	*gręzěašete	*gręzěaxǫ	*gręzěmъ	*gręzěte	—

Conjugation of *gręznǫti, *gręze, *gręznetь (impf., intr., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gręzenьje	*gręznǫti	*gręznǫtъ	*gręzlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*gręzъ	*gręzny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręz(ox)ъ	*gręze	*gręze	*gręznǫ	*gręzneši	*gręznetь
Dual	*gręz(ox)ově	*gręz(e/os)ta	*gręz(e/os)te	*gręznevě	*gręzneta	*gręznete
Plural	*gręz(ox)omъ	*gręz(e/os)te	*gręzǫ, *gręzošę	*gręznemъ	*gręznete	*gręznǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręzněaxъ	*gręzněaše	*gręzněaše	—	*gręzni	*gręzni
Dual	*gręzněaxově	*gręzněašeta	*gręzněašete	*gręzněvě	*gręzněta	—
Plural	*gręzněaxomъ	*gręzněašete	*gręzněaxǫ	*gręzněmъ	*gręzněte	—

Derived terms

• Adjectives:
  • *gręzъkъ
  • *gręzьnъ
  • *grǫzьnъ
• Verbs:
  • *gręzati (“to sink”)
  • *gręziti (“to sink”)
  • *grǫziti (“to sink”)
  • *grǫznǫti
• Nouns:
  • *gręza (“mud, dirt, mire”)
  • *grę̑zь (“mud, dirt”)
  • *grǫzь
  • *grǫzъ
  • *grǫzidlo

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: *грꙗзти (*grjazti, “to sink, to wallow”), грꙗзуща (grjazušča) (11th century?)
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: grząźć, ugrząźć
  • Kashubian: gřëzc

References

• Wiesław Boryś, Hanna Popowska-Taborska (1997) “gřëzc”, in Słownik etymologiczny kaszubszczyzny: D-J (in Polish), volume 2, Slawistyczny Ośrodek Wydaawniczy, page 227
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “грязь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 224
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gręzti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 188
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gręzti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 124
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гря́знуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Barkhudarov, S. G., editor (1977), “грязти”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11ᵗʰ–17ᵗʰ cc.]‎^[1] (in Russian), numbers 4 (г – дяфинъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 150
• Bogatova, G. A., editor (1989), “погрязти”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11ᵗʰ–17ᵗʰ cc.]‎^[2] (in Russian), numbers 15 (перстъ – подмышка), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 208
• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902) “нагрѧзти”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[3] (in Russian), volumes 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 275
• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902) “погрѧзти”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[4] (in Russian), volumes 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1024
• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “угрѧзнути”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[5] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1140