Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kvapiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Equivalent to *kvapъ (“tension, charge, urge”) +‎ *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to boil”). Akin to Lithuanian kvapi̇̀nti, kvapýti (“to scent”).

Verb

*kvapiti impf

1. (probably originally) to set loose, to discharge, to release (pressure, stress, tension)
   1. → (transitive) to urge, to compel
   2. → (intransitive) to haste, to hurry

Alternative forms

• *kvapati

Inflection

Conjugation of *kvapiti, *kvapi, *kvapitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kvapľenьje	*kvapiti	*kvapitъ	*kvapilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kvapľenъ	*kvapimъ
Active	*kvapľь	*kvapę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kvapixъ	*kvapi	*kvapi	*kvapľǫ	*kvapiši	*kvapitь
Dual	*kvapixově	*kvapista	*kvapiste	*kvapivě	*kvapita	*kvapite
Plural	*kvapixomъ	*kvapiste	*kvapišę	*kvapimъ	*kvapite	*kvapętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kvapľaaxъ	*kvapľaaše	*kvapľaaše	—	*kvapi	*kvapi
Dual	*kvapľaaxově	*kvapľaašeta	*kvapľaašete	*kvapivě	*kvapita	—
Plural	*kvapľaaxomъ	*kvapľaašete	*kvapľaaxǫ	*kvapimъ	*kvapite	—

Notes:
• (*)*kvapivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *kypěti (“to boil up”)
• *kopьněti (“to melt”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ква́піць (kvápicʹ), ква́піцца (kvápicca)
  • Russian: ква́пить (kvápitʹ), ква́питься (kvápitʹsja)
  • Ukrainian: ква́пити (kvápyty), ква́питися (kvápytysja)
• South Slavic:
  • Slovene: kvapiti, kvapati
• West Slavic
  • Czech: kvapit
  • Old Polish: kwapić
    • Polish: kwapić (archaic)
  • Slovak: kvapať

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “квапить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “квапити”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kvapiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 148