Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/torpъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Agent/action noun from *torpěti, *torpiti (“to push, to enforce, to bother”) +‎ *-ъ. Cognate with Latvian tar̃pa (“force, capacity”), Lithuanian tarpà (“growth”).

Noun

*tȏrpъ m

1. haste, stagger
2. (figurative) pillock, wazzock (fatuous, dull or hectic person)

Alternative forms

• *tòrpa m

Declension

Declension of *tȏrpъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tȏrpъ	*tȏrpa	*tȏrpi
genitive	*tȏrpa	*torpù	*tõrpъ
dative	*tȏrpu	*torpomà	*torpòmъ
accusative	*tȏrpъ	*tȏrpa	*tȏrpy
instrumental	*tȏrpъmь, *tȏrpomь*	*torpomà	*torpý
locative	*tȏrpě	*torpù	*torpě̃xъ
vocative	*torpe	*tȏrpa	*tȏrpi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *torpьcь (diminutive)
• *torpotъ (“hindrance, horror”)
  • Ukrainian: то́ропіт (tóropit)
• *sǫtorpa f (“hectic woman”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: су̏трапа

    Latin script: sȕtrapa

Related terms

• *torpadlo (“stumbler”)
• *torpьnъ, *torpьňь (“dizzy, stunned”)
• *torpъkъ (“bothersome, annoying (for person)”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: то́рап (tórap, “terror”)
  • Russian: то́роп (tórop, “haste”)
    • ⇒ Russian: торо́па m (torópa), торопы́га m (toropýga, “hectic person”) (colloquial)
  • Ukrainian: торо́па m (torópa, “annoying person”) (colloquial)
• South Slavic:
  • Slovene: trȁp, trápa (“pillock, fool”) (tonal orthography)
    • ⇒ Slovene: trȃpec (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: trap (“trot”)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тороп”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tárˀpas along with Lithuanian tárpas (“space, interval”), possibly Latvian tārps (“invertebrate”). Likely further cognate with Tocharian A tarp (“pond”). Relation to Etymology 1 not excluded, in case the acute is due to metatony.

Noun

*torpъ m

1. cavity, trench, ditch

   Synonyms: *jama, *pazina

Declension

Declension of *torpъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*torpъ	*torpa	*torpi
genitive	*torpa	*torpu	*torpъ
dative	*torpu	*torpoma	*torpomъ
accusative	*torpъ	*torpa	*torpy
instrumental	*torpъmь, *torpomь*	*torpoma	*torpy
locative	*torpě	*torpu	*torpěxъ
vocative	*torpe	*torpa	*torpi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *torpьčina (augmentative)

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: трапъ (trapŭ)
  • Bulgarian: трап (trap)
  • Macedonian: трап (trap)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: тра̏п

    Latin script: trȁp

Further reading

• “tarpas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012