Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kumursga

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction

Daughter languages show various secondary changes due to a difficult consonant cluster.

Some sources reconstruct *kïmïrsga or *kumïrsga to explain the unrounded vowel found in all Siberian varieties and North Kipchak, however the oldest sources point to rounded vowels.

Etymology

Perhaps analyzable as *kumur- +‎ *-ga, the latter being a common ending in animal names.

Noun

*kumursga

1. ant

   Synonyms: *k(i)arïnčga, *čümeli

Declension

Declension of *kumursga

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kumursga
Accusative	*kumursganï, *kumursgag 4), *kumursganïg 1)
Genitive	*kumursganïŋ
Dative	*kumursgaka
Locative	*kumursgada
Ablative	*kumursgadan
Allative	*kumursgagaru
Instrumental 2)	*kumursgan
Equative 2)	*kumursgača
Similative 2)	*kumursgalayu
Comitative 2)	*kumursgalïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Medieval:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰆𐰢𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰍𐰀 (qumursɣa)
  • Khorezmian: [script needed] (qumurṣqa)
  • Mamluk Kipchak: [script needed] (qumursqa)
• Common Turkic:

• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: [script needed] (qumursɣa)
    • Uzbek: qumursqa
• Kipchak
  • Aral:
    • Kazakh: құмырсқа (qūmyrsqa)
    • Nogai: кумырска (kumırska)
  • Black Sea:
    • Crimean Tatar: qumursqa, qırmısqa
    • Karachay-Balkar: къумурсха (qumursxa)
    • Karaim: qumurstqa
    • Kumyk: хомурсгъа (xomursğa)
  • Eastern:
    • Kyrgyz: кумурска (kumurska)
    • Southern Altai: комурска (komurska), кумурска (kumurska)
  • North:
    • Bashkir: ҡырмыҫҡа (qırmıśqa)
    • Tatar: кырмыска (qırmıska)
• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: qumurğâç
• Oghuz:
  • Salar: gumısgan
  • Turkmen: gumursga (dialect)
• Siberian:
  • Northern Siberian:
    • Yakut: кымырдаҕас (kımırdağas)
  • Southern Siberian:
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: хымысха (xımısxa)
      • Shor: қымысқаш
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Soyot: һымысқа
      • Tuvan: кымыскаяк (kımıskayak)
      • Tofa: һымысқа (hımısqa)

Further reading

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kumursğa:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 628
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 139
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kumɨr-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill