Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tām

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *tama (“wall”) and Proto-Tungusic *tam- (“shed, cover (for a hut)”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*tām

1. roof
2. wall
3. hut

Declension

Declension of *tām

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*tām
Accusative	*tāmnï, *tāmïg 4), *tāmnïg 1)
Genitive	*tāmnïŋ
Dative	*tāmka
Locative	*tāmda
Ablative	*tāmdan
Allative	*tāmgaru
Instrumental 2)	*tāmïn
Equative 2)	*tāmča
Similative 2)	*tāmlayu
Comitative 2)	*tāmlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: طام (tam)
    • Azerbaijani: dam (“roof; hut”)
    • Ottoman Turkish: طام (dam)
      • Turkish: dam (“roof; hut”)
      • Gagauz: dam (“shed, barn”)
  • Turkmen: tām (“wall”)
  • Salar: tam (“wall”)
  • → Khalaj: dâam (“roof”)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (tam, “wall; roof”)
    • Chagatai:
      • Uyghur: تام (tam, “wall”)
      • Uzbek: tom (“roof; hut”)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Tatar: там (tam, “wall”)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: dam (“roof”)
    • Kumyk: там (tam, “wall”)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: там (tam, “grave”)
      • Nogai: там (tam, “wall”)
      • Karakalpak: tam (“hut”)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: там (tam, “wall; hut”)
      • Southern Altai: тап (tap, “sliver”)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰢 (tam, “wall”)
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei:
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (tam, “wall”)
      • Khakas: [script needed] (layer (of earth))

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tām”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill