Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hnōjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hnōjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *knéh₂-ye-ti, from *kneh₂- (“to scrape, scratch”) +‎ *-yeti. Cognate with Proto-Celtic *knāyeti (“to bite, chew”), Lithuanian knója (“to peel, tear”), Ancient Greek κνώ (knṓ, “to scrape, scratch”).

Verb

*hnōjan

1. to scrape, plane

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*hnōjan
1st sg. past	*hnōidā
Infinitive	*hnōjan
Genitive infin.	*hnōjannjas
Dative infin.	*hnōjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*hnōjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*hnōju	*hnōidā
2nd singular	*hnōisi	*hnōidēs, *hnōidōs
3rd singular	*hnōiþi	*hnōidē, *hnōidā
1st plural	*hnōjum	*hnōidum
2nd plural	*hnōiþ	*hnōidud
3rd plural	*hnōjanþ	*hnōidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*hnōjē	*hnōidī
2nd singular	*hnōjēs	*hnōidī
3rd singular	*hnōjē	*hnōidī
1st plural	*hnōjēm	*hnōidīm
2nd plural	*hnōjēþ	*hnōidīd
3rd plural	*hnōjēn	*hnōidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*hnōi
Plural	*hnōiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*hnōjandī	*hnōid

Alternative reconstructions

• *hnōan

Derived terms

• *hnōil
• *hnōu
• *hnōþi (“groove”)
  • Old High German: nuot
    • Middle High German: nuot
      • German: Nut

Descendants

• Old High German: nōen
  • Middle High German: nūejen