Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lūkan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

• *leukan

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *lūkaną.

Verb

*lūkan

1. to close, to shut

Inflection

Strong class 2
Infinitive	*lūkan
1st sg. past	*lauk
3rd pl. past	*lukun
Past ptcple	*lokan
Infinitive	*lūkan
Genitive infin.	*lūkannjas
Dative infin.	*lūkannjē
Instrum. infin.	*lūkannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*lūku	*lauk
2nd singular	*lūkiʀi	*lukī
3rd singular	*lūkidi	*lauk
1st plural	*lūkum	*lukum
2nd plural	*lūkid	*lukud
3rd plural	*lūkand	*lukun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*lūkē	*lukī
2nd singular	*lūkēs	*lukī
3rd singular	*lūkē	*lukī
1st plural	*lūkēm	*lukīm
2nd plural	*lūkēþ	*lukīd
3rd plural	*lūkēn	*lukīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*lūk
Plural	*lūkid
	Present	Past
Participle	*lūkandī	*lokan

Descendants

• Old English: lūcan
  • Middle English: luken, louken
    • English: lock (merged with descendant of Middle English loken, lokken)
    • Scots: louk, lowk
• Old Frisian: lūka
  • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: touluuke, touluke
  • West Frisian: lûke
• Old Saxon: lūkan
  • ⇒ Middle Low German: belûken
  • ⇒ Middle Low German: entlûken
• Old Dutch: *lūcan
  • Middle Dutch: luken
    • Dutch: luiken
• Old High German: *lūhhan, *liohhan
  • Middle High German: lūchen, liechen
    • German: lauchen, liechen
  • ⇒ Old High German: innebilūhhan
  • ⇒ Old High German: untarlūhhan
  • ⇒ Old High German: ūzbilūhhan