Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wirkijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną. Equivalent to *werk (“work”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*wirkijan

1. to work
2. to make

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*wirkijan
1st sg. past	*wirkidā
Infinitive	*wirkijan
Genitive infin.	*wirkijannjas
Dative infin.	*wirkijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*wirkijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*wirkiju	*wirkidā
2nd singular	*wirkisi	*wirkidēs, *wirkidōs
3rd singular	*wirkiþi	*wirkidē, *wirkidā
1st plural	*wirkijum	*wirkidum
2nd plural	*wirkiþ	*wirkidud
3rd plural	*wirkijanþ	*wirkidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*wirkijē	*wirkidī
2nd singular	*wirkijēs	*wirkidī
3rd singular	*wirkijē	*wirkidī
1st plural	*wirkijēm	*wirkidīm
2nd plural	*wirkijēþ	*wirkidīd
3rd plural	*wirkijēn	*wirkidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*wirki
Plural	*wirkiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*wirkijandī	*wirkid

Derived terms

• *gawirkijan

Descendants

• Old English: wyrċan, wyrċean, wirċean, wirċan
  • Middle English: werchen, wirchen, werken
    • English: work, wrought (from past participle worhte)
    • Scots: wark, wirk
• Old Frisian: wirka, wirza, werka
  • West Frisian: wurkje
• Old Saxon: wirkian
  • Middle Low German: werken
    • German Low German: warken
• Old Dutch: wirken
  • Middle Dutch: werken
    • Dutch: werken
    • Limburgish: wèrke
• Old High German: wirken
  • Middle High German: wirken
    • German: wirken
  • Luxembourgish: wierken