User:Aearthrise/Hieroglyphics/Egyptian Course
Egyptian Language ☥ (Ptolemaic Kingdom -> Roman Empire)
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Chapter 1
Welcome to the Egyptian Language Course! I, Andrew Earthrise, have created this course to teach you how to read Hieroglyphs and to understand the Egyptian language.
The most recent form of the Egyptian language is Coptic, which uses the Greek alphabet in Byzantine font with extra letters for Egyptian sounds; older Egyptian forms used Demotic and Hieratic writing, cursive forms of Hieroglyphs.
To learn more about the Coptic alphabet, click here!
I.[edit]
Phonetics:
Classical Egyptian, the older language, had many glyphs for ideas and for specific consonant sounds. As time went on, consonants written in the older language disappeared from the spoken language. By the time of the Ptolemaic Kingdom- the inheritors of Alexander the Great's Egyptian kingdom, the usage of the older language was for religion and dedicated monuments.
The hieroglyphic writing system is very economical. Hieroglyphs did not write vowels for native Egyptian words, but Greek words used former consonants as vowels to spell phonetically. Ptolemaic hieroglyphs usage corresponds accordingly:
Vowels:
- Tip: hover your mouse over hieroglyphs, you'll find vowels and consonants!
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Many times, words beginning with this character make an a/e sound in Coptic Egyptian.
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Consonants:
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Determinatives:
Determinatives help distinguish words and make them more vivid. They refer to the action, person, object, or idea of the word.
Memorization:
The best way to memorize hieroglyphics and words is to draw the characters. When you copy the word, add details and color at your own pace! Your brain will remember the words when you are having creative fun!
1.
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Father, Ⲓⲱⲧ
Kleomenes pe ṗ'yot.
Cleomenes is the father.
2.
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Mother, Ⲙⲁⲩ
Berenike te ṫ'mauw.
Berenice is the mother.
3.
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Son, Ϣⲏⲣⲓ
Ḳarmion pe p'šeri
Charmion is the son.
4.
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Servant, Ⲃⲱⲕ
Horkhebi pe ṗ'bok
Harkhebi is the servant.
5.
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Cook, Ⲙⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ
Ḳa n're pe pi makiros.
6.
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Dog, Ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ
Anuwb pe pi uwhor.
Anubis is the dog.
II.[edit]
Determinatives:
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7.
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Book, Ϫⲱⲙ
Kleomenes pe khen pi ma n'djom.
Cleomenes is in the library (place of books).
8.
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Atrium, Ⲥⲃⲉ
Berenike te khen p'sbe.
Berenice is in the atrium.
9.
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Sleeping, Ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ
Ḳarmion pe khen pi ma n'enkot.
Charmion is in the bed (place of sleeping).
10.
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Garden, Ϭⲱⲙ
Horkhebi pe khen pi qom.
Harkhebi is in the garden.
11.
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Cooking, Ⲫⲓⲥⲓ
Ḳa n're pe khen pi ma n'ṗisi.
Kanre is in the kitchen (place of cooking).
12.
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Road, Ⲙⲱⲓⲧ
Anuwb pe khen pi mowit.
Anubis is in the road.
III.[edit]
Determinatives:
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13.
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Writing, Ⲥϧⲁⲓ
Ⲕⲗⲉⲟⲙⲉⲛⲏⲥ, ̀ⲫⲓⲱⲧ, ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛϫⲱⲙ.
Kleomenes, ṗ'yot, pe khen pi ma n'djom.
Kleomenes, the father, is in the library.
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ṗ'Yot f'skhai khen pi ma n'djom.
The father writes in the library.
14.
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Sitting, Ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ
Ⲃⲉⲣⲉⲛⲓⲕⲏ, ̀ⲑⲙⲁⲩ, ⲧⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ̀ⲡⲥⲃⲉ.
Berenike, ṫ'mauw, te khen p'sbe.
Berenice, the mother, is in the Atrium.
ṫ'Mauw s'hemsi khen p'sbe.
The mother sits in the Atrium.
15.
Ⲭⲁⲣⲙⲓⲟⲛ , ̀ⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ, ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ.
Ḳarmion, p'šeri, pe khen pi ma n'enkot
Charmion, the son, is in the bed.
̀ⲡϢⲏⲣⲓ ̀ϥⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ.
'p'Šeri, f'enkot khen pi ma n'enkot
Charmion sleeps in the bed.
16.
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Working, ̀Ⲙⲕⲁϩ
Horkhebi, ṗ'bok, khen pi qom pe.
Harkhebi, the servant, is in the garden.
ṗ'Bok f'mkah khen pi qom.
The servant works in the garden.
17.
Ⲭⲁ̀ⲛⲣⲏ, ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ, ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ ⲡⲉ.
Ḳa n're, pi makiros, khen pi ma n'ṗisi pe.
Kanre, the cook, is in the kitchen.
ⲡⲓⲘⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ ̀ϥⲫⲓⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ.
pi Makiros f'ṗisi khen pi ma n'ṗisi.
The cook cooks in the kitchen.
18.
Ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ, ⲡⲓⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ, ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲡⲉ.
Anuwb, pi uwhor, khen pi mowit pe.
Anubis, the dog, is in the road.
Pi uwhor f'enkot khen pi mowit.
The dog sleeps in the road.
IV.[edit]
Determinatives:
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Kleomenes pe khen pi qom.
Kleomenes is in the garden.
N'ṫof f'hemsi khen pi qom.
He sits in the garden.
ṗ'Bok, pe khen p'sbe.
The servant is in the atrium.
N'ṫof f'mkah khen p'sbe.
He works in the atrium.
Berenike te khen p'sbe.
Berenice is in the atrium.
N'ṫos s'hemsi khen p'sbe.
She sits in the atrium.
Ḳarmion khen pi ma n'djom pe.
Charmion is in the library.
N'ṫof f'skhai khen pi ma n'djom.
He writes in the library.
Anuwb pe khen pi mowit.
Anubis is in the road.
pi Makiros pe khen pi ma n'ṗisi.
The cook is in the kitchen.
N'ṫof f'enkot.
He sleeps.
Uwom pe khen pi ma n'ṗisi.
Food is in the kitchen.
Ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ ̀ϥ̀ⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ̀ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ.
Anuwb f'i ekhoun e'pi ma n'ṗisi.
Anubis comes into the kitchen.
N'ṫof f'nau e'pi uwom.
He looks at the food.
pi Uwhor f'uwom m'pi uwom.
The dog eats the food.
Ḳa n're f'ton'f.
N'ṫof f'nau e'pi uwhor.
He looks at the dog.
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pi Makiros f'muti e'Anuwb.
The cook yells at Anubis.
pi Ṫo! pi Soni!
"Pest! Thief!"
pi Uwhor f'ṗot.
The dog flees.
Practice[edit]
Choose the correct answer
1.
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Ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ/Uwhor
A.Cook
B.Man
C.Dog
D.Book
2.
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Ⲙⲁⲩ/Mauw
A.Food
B.Mother
C.Father
D.Sleeping
3.
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Ⲥϧⲁⲓ/Skhai
A.Writing
B.Working
C.Woman
D.Eating
4.
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Ⲃⲱⲕ/Bok
A.Child
B.Father
C.Man
D.Servant
5.
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Ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ/Hemsi
A.Eating
B.Sitting
C.Sleeping
D.Writing
7.
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Ⲓⲱⲧ/Yot
A.Woman
B.Father
C.Servant
D.Cook
8.
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Ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ/Enkot
A.Writing
B.Eating
C.Sleeping
D.Dog
9.
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Ϭⲱⲙ/Qom
A.Kitchen
B.Library
C.Woman
D.Garden
10.
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Ϫⲱⲙ/Djom
A.Writing
B.Eating
C.Book
D.Atrium