User:Malku H₂n̥rés/Appendix:Central Atlas Tamazight pronunciation
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Draft
The IPA phonological and phonetic transcription of Central Atlas Tamazight entries.
the phonology, which is the same for all Central Atlas Tamazight dialects (broad), and the phonetics, which is particular for each dialect (narrow). Currently, only the phonetic pronunciation for the Ayt Ndhir dialect according to Penchoen (1973).[1]
Vowels and consonants[edit]
Note to myself: put every single allophone of the archiphonemes.
| Phonemic transcription (IPA) | Phonetic transcription (IPA) | |
|---|---|---|
| Ayt Ndhir dialect[1] | ||
| Allophones and tense counterpart | Example | |
| ɡ | ʝ | |
| ç | ||
| ʒ | ||
| ʃ | ||
| ɟː | ||
| ʒː | ||
| d͡ʒː | ||
| d | ð | |
| d̪ | ||
| θ | ||
| t̪ | ||
| ðˤ | ||
| d̪ˤ | ||
| t̪ˤ | ||
| d̪ː | ||
| d̪ˤː | ||
| t̪ˤː | ||
| dˤ | ðˤ | |
| d̪ˤ | ||
| t̪ˤ | ||
| t̪ˤː | ||
| d̪ˤː | ||
| f | f | |
| β | ||
| fː | ||
| ɣ | ʁ | |
| χ | ||
| qː | ||
| ʁː | ||
| k | ç | |
| c | ||
| ʃ | ||
| ʒ | ||
| cː | ||
| ʃː | ||
| t͡ʃː | ||
| l | l | |
| lː | ||
| m | m | |
| mː | ||
| n | n̪ | |
| n̪ː | ||
| r | r | |
| rˤ | ||
| rː | ||
| rˤː | ||
| s | s | |
| z | ||
| sˤ | ||
| zˤ | ||
| sː | ||
| sˤː | ||
| ʃ | ʃ | |
| ʒ | ||
| t͡ʃː | ||
| ʃː | ||
| t | θ | |
| t̪ | ||
| ð | ||
| d̪ | ||
| t̪ˤ | ||
| ðˤ | ||
| d̪ˤ | ||
| t̪ː | ||
| t̪ˤː | ||
| w | w | |
| u | ||
| u(w) | ||
| ɡʷː | ||
| wː | ||
| j | j | |
| i | ||
| i(j) | ||
| ɟː | ||
| z | z | |
| s | ||
| zˤ | ||
| sˤ | ||
| zː | ||
| zˤː | ||
| zˤ | zˤ | |
| sˤ | ||
| zˤː | ||
| b | β | |
| f | ||
| b | ||
| bː | ||
| h | h | |
| hː | ||
| x | χ | |
| ʁ | ||
| χː | ||
| ʒ | ʒ | |
| ʃ | ||
| ʒː | ||
| d͡ʒː | ||
| ɡʷ | ɣʷ | |
| xʷ | ||
| ɡʷː | ||
| wː | ||
| rˤ | rˤ | |
| rˤː | ||
| sˤ | sˤ | |
| zˤ | ||
| sˤː | ||
| tˤ | t̪ˤ | |
| d̪ˤ | ||
| q | q | |
| ħ | ħ | |
| ħː | ||
| ʕ | ʕ | |
| ʕː | ||
| kʷ | xʷ | |
| ɣʷ | ||
| kʷː | ||
| Phonological transcription (IPA, all dialects) | Phonetic transcription (IPA) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ayt Ndhir dialect[1] | ||||
| Regular vowels | Emphatic vowels | |||
| a | æ | ɑ | ||
| i | i | ɪ | ||
| u | u | ʊ̙ | ||
| ə | ə | ∅ | ||
Phonotactics[edit]
Sound laws are used, from phonemic to phonetic.
Ayt Ndhir dialect[edit]
Here are the rules for the Ayt Ndhir dialect, spoken in Central Morocco.[1]
Consonants[edit]
- [{ʝ, ɣʷ, ʁ}] > [{jj, ww ʁʁ}] \ #(Cː)(C)V_V(C)# (medial in bisyllabic words, 2 p7)
- /{d, t, z, r, s}/ > /{d, t, z, r, s}ˤ/ \ Cˤ(V)_ or _Cˤ (emphatic spread, a p7)
- [{voicing¹}] > [{voicing²}] \ _{voicing²} (voicing regressive assimilation, b p7)
- /{lax, articulation pt¹, (ˤ)}( ){lax, articulation point¹, voicing², (ˤ)}/ > /{(‿)CC, articulation pt¹, voicing², (ˤ)}/ (assimilation. C¹&C², lax, same articulation pt > tense (geminated for 1st lecture), same articulation point. Voicing of C². ˤ if C¹ or C² is ˤ. c p8)
- /{t, d}/ > [{t̪, d̪}] \ _( ){s, z, sˤ, zˤ, ʃ, ʒ} (t, d as stops before these fricatives, voicing is done by rule 3. d p8)
- /n/ > /{r, l}/ \ {r, l}( )_ (assimilation /ln/>[ll], /rn/>[rr], e p8)
- /n/ > /{l, r}/ \ _( ){{l, ll}, {r, rr}} (regressive assimilation /nl/>[ll], /nr/>[rr], /nll/, [ll], /nrr/>[rr], f p8)
- /{{j( )j}, {j( )w}, {w( )w}}/ > [{{ɟ( )ɟ}, {ɡʷ( )ɡʷ}, {w( )w}}] (glide assimilation /jj/>[ɟɟ], /jw/>[ɡʷɡʷ], /ww/>[ww], g p8)
- /{j, w}/ > [{i, u}] \ #_C excepted for /{jj, ww}/ > tense (word initial glide conditioning, h p9)
- [ə{t̪ːu, sː, mː, t̪ː}] > [{t̪u, s, m, t̪}] \ #_ (grammatical tense consonants detensing, will see when in morphology section, otherwise this law is useless, i p9)
- [C¹ː] > [C¹(ː)] \ _# (word final tense consonants detensing in rapid speech but not in deliberate speech, j p9)
Vowels[edit]
- /{æ, i, u}/ > [{ɑ, ɪ̙, ʊ̙}] \ {ħ, ʕ, Cˤ, x, q, ɣ}_ or _{same consonants} (vocalic lowering and retracting (ie. pharyngeal) by contact of pharyngeal, pharyngealized (ie. emphatic) and uvular consonants, a p9)
- [{æ, i, u, ɑ, ɪ̙, ʊ̙}] > [{æ̝, i̞, u̞, ɑ̝, ɪ̙̞, ʊ̙̞}] \ _{tense(Cː), CC, C#} (vocalic medialization before tense consonants, true (ə-less) consonant clusters and final consonant, b p10)
- /a/ > [ɑ] \ _# (word final /a/ coloration, c p10)
- /∅/ > /ə/ \ {C, #}_{C¹C¹(C), CC, C#} (schwa phonological insertion: if there's no vowel before a tense consonant, or a cluster of a tense consonant and another consonant, or a two-consonant cluster or a final consonant, place a schwa there, d p10)
- [ə{m, n̪, l, r}] > [{m̩, n̪̩, l̩, r̩}] (schwa phonetic articulation: sonorants syllabification (and "consonant release"), d p10)
- /{əj, əɡ, əw}/ > /{i(j), i(ɡ), u(w)}/ (glides syllabification to diphthong then in rapid speech reduction to pure vowel, e p10)
- /{{a, i, u}i, {i, u}a, iV, aa}/ > [{{ɑ, i, u}, {i, u}ja, (ij)V, (ɑj)a}] \ _C(C)(C)(V)# (elision and hiatus rupture when the second vowel is part of a suffix : 2nd /i/ elided, /j/ before /a/ or after /i/, with possible elision if /aa/ or iV/, f p10)
- /a / > /‿/ \ #(C)CC_a (elision between an a-final verb and an a-initial noun, f p10)
- /{a, u, i} {a, u, i}/ > /{a, u, i}‿j{a, u, ∅}/ (hiatus rupture : /j/ before vowels, and /i/ elided, f p10)