angen

See also: angèn and ängen

Balinese

Romanization

angen

1. Romanization of ᬳᬗᭂᬦ᭄

Javanese

Romanization

angen

1. Romanization of ꦲꦔꦼꦤ꧀

Sundanese

Romanization

angen

1. Romanization of ᮃᮍᮨᮔ᮪

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh aghen, from Proto-Brythonic *anken (compare Cornish and Breton anken, from Proto-Celtic *ankenā (cognate with Old Irish éicen (“force; necessity”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”) cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force; necessity”).

An alternative theory derives the Celtic from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“to perish, disappear”); this derivation is semantically bold.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈaŋɛn/
  • (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈaŋan/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈaŋɛn/

Noun

angen m (usually uncountable, plural anghenion)

1. need
   • 1803, William Owen Pughe, "A Dictionary of the Welsh Language", Volume 1

     Perid i Zyvrig arçeſgob wynieuthu Arthur yn vrenin, a dodi coron am ei ben; canys eu hangen oez yn eu cymhell.

     Perid i Ddyfrig archesgob wynieuthu Arthur yn frenin, a dodi coron am ei ben; canys eu hangen oedd yn eu cymhell. (modernized spelling)

     Dyfrig the archbishop was commanded to consecrate Arthur as king, and to place the crown upon his head; for their necessity was pressing upon them.

2. (functioning as verbal noun) (a person etc.) in need of; as a predicate of bod, can be translated with the verb “to need”

   Bydd Gareth angen calon newydd.

   Gareth will need a new heart.

   (literally, “Gareth will be a person in need of a new heart.”)

Usage notes

Because angen is a noun, it does not use yn with bod and has no stem, meaning it must be used periphrastically.

Derived terms

• anghenion arbennig (“special needs”)
• anghenraid (“necessity”)
• anghenus (“needy”)
• diangen (“unnecessary”)
• yn ôl yr angen (“as and when necessary”)

 

See also

• eisiau

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
angen	unchanged	unchanged	hangen
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.