bjn

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːjin/ → /ˈbaːjin/ → /ˈbaːʔən/ → /ˈβoːʔən/

• (adjective): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːjin/
• (adjective): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːjin/
• (adjective): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːʔən/
• (adjective): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈβoːʔən/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /bin/
  • Conventional anglicization: bin

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive, of people) to acquire or have bad qualities [since the end of the Old Kingdom]
   1. (intransitive) to be(come) bad or evil (+ ḥnꜥ: toward (someone))
   2. (intransitive) to be(come) useless or good for nothing
   3. (intransitive) to be(come) in a miserable or wretched state
2. (intransitive, of animals and things) to be(come) harmful
3. (intransitive, of periods of time) to be(come) unpropitious or calamitous
4. (intransitive, of milk) to sour, to go bad

Inflection

Conjugation of bjn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: bjn, geminated stem: bjnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
bjn	bjnw, bjn	bjnt	bjn	bjn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
bjn	ḥr bjn	m bjn	r bjn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	bjn.n	consecutive	bjn.jn
terminative	bjnt
perfective3	bjn	obligative1	bjn.ḫr
imperfective	bjn
prospective3	bjn	potentialis1	bjn.kꜣ
subjunctive	bjn

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	bjn.n	—	—
perfective	bjn	bjn	bjn, bjnw5, bjny5
imperfective	bjn, bjny, bjnw5	bjn, bjnj6, bjny6	bjn, bjnw5
prospective	bjn, bjntj7	bjntj4, bjnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bjn  

bjn

[New Kingdom]

Adjective

1. perfective active participle of bjn: bad, evil

Inflection

Declension of bjn (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	bjn	bjnt
dual	bjnwj	bjntj
plural	bjnw	bjnwt1, bjnt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Along with nfr and ꜥꜣ, bjn is one of the few Egyptian adjectives that continued to show remnants of gender and number inflection into Late Egyptian (and beyond).

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲃⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲉ (bououne)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲛ (bōn)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲱⲛ (bōōn)
• Old Coptic: ⲃⲱⲛ (bōn)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲱⲛ (bōōn), ⲃⲱⲱⲛⲉ (bōōne)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 442.15–443.17
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 81