borul
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Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From the same stem as borít + -ul (“reflexive suffix”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
borul
- (intransitive, of sky, weather) to cloud, cloud over (to overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds)
- Borul az ég. ― The sky is clouding over.
- Borul az idő, esni fog. ― It’s getting clouded, it is going to rain.
- (intransitive) to fall into or onto/upon something (with lative suffixes)
- virágba borul ― to blossom (to break into flowers)
- könnybe borul a szeme ― one’s eyes fill with tears
- nyakába borul ― to fall on someone’s neck, to throw oneself on someone’s neck
- térdre borul ― to fall down on one's knees
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of borul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | borulok | borulsz | borul | borulunk | borultok | borulnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | borultam | borultál | borult | borultunk | borultatok | borultak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. borulni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | borulék | borulál | borula | borulánk | borulátok | borulának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. borul vala, borult vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | borulandok | borulandasz | boruland | borulandunk | borulandotok | borulandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | borulnék | borulnál | borulna | borulnánk | borulnátok | borulnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. borult volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | boruljak | borulj or boruljál |
boruljon | boruljunk | boruljatok | boruljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. borult légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | borulni | borulnom | borulnod | borulnia | borulnunk | borulnotok | borulniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| borulás | boruló | borult | ― | borulva (borulván) | |||||
potential conjugation of borul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | borulhatok | borulhatsz | borulhat | borulhatunk | borulhattok | borulhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | borulhattam | borulhattál | borulhatott | borulhattunk | borulhattatok | borulhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | borulhaték | borulhatál | borulhata | borulhatánk | borulhatátok | borulhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. borulhat vala, borulhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | borulhatandok or borulandhatok |
borulhatandasz or borulandhatsz |
borulhatand or borulandhat |
borulhatandunk or borulandhatunk |
borulhatandotok or borulandhattok |
borulhatandanak or borulandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | borulhatnék | borulhatnál | borulhatna | borulhatnánk | borulhatnátok | borulhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. borulhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | borulhassak | borulhass or borulhassál |
borulhasson | borulhassunk | borulhassatok | borulhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. borulhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (borulhatni) | (borulhatnom) | (borulhatnod) | (borulhatnia) | (borulhatnunk) | (borulhatnotok) | (borulhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (borulhatva / borulhatván) | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ borul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading[edit]
- borul in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- borul in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)