ezer

Basque

Etymology

From Proto-Basque *ezer, composed of *e- (indefinite prefix) +‎ *zer (“what”).

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

 

• IPA^(key): /es̻er/ [e.s̻er]

• IPA^(key): (most dialects) /es̻er/ [e.s̻er]
• IPA^(key): (Biscayan) /es̺er/ [e.s̺er]

 

• Rhymes: -es̻er

• (most dialects) Rhymes: -es̻er
• (Biscayan) Rhymes: -es̺er

• Hyphenation: e‧zer

Pronoun

ezer

1. anything, nothing (in negative contexts)

   Ez dut ezer ikusi. ― I didn't see anything.

   Ezer nahi baduzu, esan. ― If you want anything, tell me.

   Ez du ezerk pozten. ― Nothing makes him happy.

Usage notes

This word is a negative polarity item, occurring in contexts such as negative sentences, questions, and conditional clauses. The only positive statements in which it corresponds to "anything" are mostly conditionals and questions.

Declension

Declension of Basque indefinite interrogative and negative pronouns

		nor				zer				zein		zenbat
		negative	indefinite (some)	indefinite (any)		negative	indefinite (some)	indefinite (any)		indefinite (any)		indefinite (some)
absolutive		inor	norbait	edonor		ezer	zerbait	edozer		edozein		zenbait
ergative		inork	norbaitek	edonork		ezerk	zerbaitek	edozerk		edozeinek		zenbaitek
dative		inori	norbaiti	edonori		ezeri	zerbaiti	edozeri		edozeini		zenbaiti
genitive		inoren	norbaiten	edonoren		ezeren	zerbaiten	edozeren		edozeinen		zenbaiten
comitative		inorekin	norbaitekin	edonorekin		ezerekin	zerbaitekin	edozerekin		edozeinekin		zenbaitekin
causative		inorengatik	norbaitengatik	edonorengatik		ezerengatik	zerbaitengatik	edozerengatik		edozeinengatik		zenbaitengatik
benefactive		inorentzat	norbaitentzat	edonorentzat		ezerentzat	zerbaitentzat	edozerentzat		edozeinentzat		zenbaitentzat
instrumental	animate	inortaz	norbaitez	edonortaz		―	―	―		edozeinetaz		zenbaitetaz
	inanimate	―	―	―		ezertaz	zerbaitez, zerbaitetaz	edozertaz		edozeinez		zenbaitez
inessive	animate	inorengan	norbaitengan	edonorengan		―	―	―		edozeinengan		zenbaitengan
	inanimate	inon	nonbaiten	edonon		ezertan	zerbaitetan	edozertan		zeinetan		zenbaitean, zenbaitetan
locative	animate	―	―	―		―	―	―		―		―
	inanimate	inongo	norabaiteko	edonongo		―	zerbaitetako	―		edozeinetako		zenbaiteko, zenbaitetako
allative	animate	inorengana	norbaitengana	edonorengana		―	―	―		edozeinengana		zenbaitengana
	inanimate	inora	norabaitera	edonora		ezertara	zerbaitera	edozertara		edozeinetara		zenbaitetara
terminative	animate	inorenganaino	norbaitenganaino	edonorenganaino		―	―	―		edozeinenganaino		zenbaitenganaino
	inanimate	inoraino	norabaiteraino	edonoraino		ezertaraino	zerbaiteraino	edozertaraino		edozeinetaraino		zenbaitetaraino
directive	animate	inorenganantz	norbaitenganantz	edonorenganantz		―	―	―		edozeinenganantz		zenbaitenganantz
	inanimate	inorantz	norabaiterantz	edonorantz		ezertarantz	zerbaiterantz	edozertarantz		edozeinetarantz		zenbaitetarantz
destinative	animate	inorenganako	norbaitenganako	edonorenganako		―	―	―		edozeinenganako		zenbaitenganako
	inanimate	inorako	norabaiterako	edonorako		ezertarako	zerbaiterako	edozertarako		edozeinetarako		zenbaitetarako
ablative	animate	inorengandik	norbaitengandik	edonorengandik		―	―	―		edozeinengandik		zenbaitengandik
	inanimate	inondik	―	edonondik		ezertatik	zerbaitetatik	edozertatik		edozeinetatik		zenbaitetatik

Derived terms

• ezer askorik (“not much”)
• ezer ere (“nothing at all”)
• ezer ez (“nothing at all”)
• ezer gutxi (“almost nothing”)
• ezerez
• ezerez
• ezerezean gelditu
• ezerezean geratu
• ezerezean utzi
• ezerezetik atera
• ezerezkeria
• ezereztasun
• ezergatik
• ezertarako ez izan (“to be useless”)
• ezertariko
• ezertxo
• ezertxo ere

 

Further reading

• "ezer" in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], euskaltzaindia.eus
• “ezer” in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], euskaltzaindia.eus

Hungarian

Hungarian numbers ^(edit)

		10,000
←  100	←  500	1,000	1,100  →	2,000  →
		100
Cardinal: ezer     Nominal: ezres     Ordinal: ezredik     A.o.: ezredszer, ezredjére     Adverbial: ezerszer     Multiplier: ezerszeres     Distributive: ezr(es)ével, ezrenként     Fractional: ezred     Number of people: ezren

Etymology

From Iranian, more specifically possibly from Alanic. Compare Ossetian ӕрзӕ́ (ærzǽ), Persian هزار (hezâr). The Iranian word is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom. The Permic languages have also borrowed this numeral from Indo-Iranian, compare Komi-Zyryan сюрс (śurs) and Udmurt сюрс (śurs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛzɛr]

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ezer
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Numeral

ezer (plural ezrek)

1. thousand

   Synonym: egyezer

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	ezer	ezrek
accusative	ezret	ezreket
dative	ezernek	ezreknek
instrumental	ezerrel	ezrekkel
causal-final	ezerért	ezrekért
translative	ezerré	ezrekké
terminative	ezerig	ezrekig
essive-formal	ezerként	ezrekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	ezerben	ezrekben
superessive	ezren	ezreken
adessive	ezernél	ezreknél
illative	ezerbe	ezrekbe
sublative	ezerre	ezrekre
allative	ezerhez	ezrekhez
elative	ezerből	ezrekből
delative	ezerről	ezrekről
ablative	ezertől	ezrektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	ezeré	ezreké
non-attributive possessive - plural	ezeréi	ezrekéi

Possessive forms of ezer
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	ezrem	ezreim
2nd person sing.	ezred	ezreid
3rd person sing.	ezre	ezrei
1st person plural	ezrünk	ezreink
2nd person plural	ezretek	ezreitek
3rd person plural	ezrük	ezreik

Derived terms

• ezernyi
• ezerszer
• ezred
• ezredes
• ezredik
• ezrelék
• ezres

 

Compound words with numerals

• egyezer
• ezeregyszáz
• kétezer
• ötezer
• nyolcezer
• tízezer
• húszezer
• százezer

 

Other compound words

• ezeréves
• ezerszög

 

(Non-institutionalized adjectival compounds with single-element numerals [excerpt]):
ezermilliós, ezermilliárdos, ezerbilliós; ezerméteres, ezerkilós, ezergrammos, ezertonnás, ezerliteres; ezerwattos, ezeramperes; ezernapi, ezernapos, ezerhetes, ezerheti, ezeréves, ezerévi; ezeróránként, ezernaponta, ezernaponként, ezerévente, ezerévenként; ezerfokos, ezerfokú, ezerirányú, ezeroldalas, ezeroldalú, ezerkötetes, ezerdimenziós, ezerszázalékos, ezerkerekű, ezerfős, ezerfőnyi, ezernyelvű, ezertagú, ezerelemű, ezerrészes, ezeremeletes, ezerrétegű, ezerszintes, ezerablakos, ezerajtós, ezerüléses, ezerjegyű, ezerpontos, ezerszavas, ezerbetűs, ezersoros; ezerforintos, ezerdolláros, ezereurós; ezerlábú, ezerágú, ezerfejű, ezerkezű, ezerkarú, ezerszemű, ezerfülű, ezerlevelű.

Descendants

• → Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: jezero (“thousand”)

Further reading

• ezer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• ezer in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)