forcier

Old French

Alternative forms

• forchier, forcher (northern)
• forscer, forser, forsser

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *fortiāre, a verb based on Late Latin fortia (“violence, force”), a noun based on Latin fortis (“strong”).

Pronunciation

• (classical) IPA^(key): /foɾˈt͡sjeːr/, (northern) /foɾˈt͡ʃjeːɾ/

Verb

forcier

1. strengthen
2. force, compel

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. The forms that would normally end in *-c, *-cs, *-ct are modified to z, z, zt. In addition, c becomes ç before an a, o or u to keep the /ts/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of forcier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		forcier			avoir forcié
gerund		en forçant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		forçant
past participle		forcié
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	forz	forces	force	forçons	forciez	forcent
	imperfect	forçoie, forceie, forçoe, forcieve	forçoies, forceies, forçoes, forcieves	forçoit, forceit, forçot, forcieve	forciiens, forciens	forciiez, forciez	forçoient, forceient, forçoent, forcievent
	preterite	forçai	forças	força	forçames	forçastes	forcierent
	future	forcerai	forceras	forcera	forcerons	forceroiz, forcereiz, forcerez	forceront
	conditional	forceroie, forcereie	forceroies, forcereies	forceroit, forcereit	forceriiens, forceriens	forceriiez, forceriez	forceroient, forcereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	forz	forz	forzt	forçons	forciez	forcent
	imperfect	forçasse	forçasses	forçast	forcissons, forcissiens	forcissoiz, forcissez, forcissiez	forçassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	force	—	forçons	forciez	—

Descendants

• French: forcer
• Norman: forchi, forcher, forchiei
• → Middle English: forcen
  • English: force

References

• forcer_1 on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*fortiare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 3: D–F, page 729